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-1-第1讲名词解答有关名词的题目时，一定要注意名词前的修饰成分，如数词、量词常修饰可数名词复数，也要注意修饰不可数名词的词或短语等，以用来判断其应为不可数名词还是可数名词的单复数形式，有时还要结合语境分析句子成分来判断是否需要作主语、宾语、表语或定语的名词。考点感悟语法填空短文改错语法填空对名词的考查主要是名词的单复数和所有格，以及所给提示词(动词、形容词等)转换为名词的适当形式。感1.(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)MynameisMireyaMayor.I'ma________(science)whostudiesanimalssuchasapesandmonkeys.答案：scientist根据语境可知，作者是一名科学家，故填scientist“科学家”。2.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Shehasturneddownseveral________(invitation)tostaratshowsinordertoconcentrateonherstudies.答案：invitations“邀请”为可数名词，其前有several修饰，故应填其名词复数形式。悟1.分析句子成分如果词性不需要改变，则一般考查所给名词的复数形式；如果作定语表示“……的”，则一般考查名词所有格。2.注意单复数如果为不可数名词，则没有复数形式；如果为可数名词，除根据上下文语境之外，还可通过限定词信息来判断：①不定冠词a,an后用名词单数形式；②有these，those,several,many,both，all,different,afew等词修饰时用名词复短文改错对名词的考查重点是名词的单复数、不可数名词、名词与其他词类的词性等方面的误用。感1.(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Allthefootballplayerontheplaygroundcheeredloudly...________________________________________________________________答案：player→players根据前面的all可知，player应用复数形式players。2.(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)LastwinterwhenIwentthereagain,theyhadabigseparatehousetoraisedozensofchicken.________________________________________________________________答案：chicken→chickensdozensof用来修饰可数名词复数。悟1.可数名词单复数的误用可根据限定语来判断，高考时主要集中在错把复数用作单数。2.可数名词与不可数名词的误用①不可数名词没有复数形式，因此熟记不可数名词是解题关键；②有些词既可用作可数名词也可用作不可数名词，应注意其具体语境。-2-数形式；③其前有oneof时用名词复数形式；④如作主语，要注意主谓一致。即，谓语动词为单数则填名词单数形式，谓语动词为复数则填名词复数形式。3.名词的所有格有些名词常常漏掉名词所有格，在表示“……的”时常用名词所有格。4.名词与形容词或动词的误用应结合语境分析句子成分，由所充当的句子成分判断词性的正误。①名词一般作主语、宾语、表语或定语；②作表语时，与主语构成同位关系一般用名词，形容词一般是对主语的描述；③在冠词、所有格或介词后一般用名词。考点素能一名词复数变化规律1．规则名词变复数的6种形式(1)一般情况下，在词尾直接加－s：book→books,mouth→mouths,house→houses,girl→girls(2)以－s,－x,－ch,－sh结尾的名词，在词尾加－es：glass→glasses,box→boxes,match→matches,brush→brushes(3)以辅音字母＋y结尾的名词，变y为i再加－es：city→cities,country→countries,party→parties,factory→factories(4)以元音字母＋y结尾的名词，在词尾直接加－s：holiday→holidays,monkey→monkeys(5)以o结尾的名词常在词尾加－s：radio→radios,zoo→zoos,piano→pianos,kilo→kilos,photo→photos；加－es的有：hero→heroes,Negro→Negroes,tomato→tomatoes,potato→potatoes(6)以－f,－fe结尾的名词①少数直接加－s：roof→roofs,belief→beliefs②一般以－f或－fe结尾的名词要变f或fe为v再加－es：self→selves,life→lives,thief→thieves,wife→wives,knife→knives,leaf→leaves,shelf→shelves,wolf→wolves,half→halves2．不规则名词变复数的常见形式(1)单复数同形：deer,sheep,means,series,Chinese,Swiss,aircraft,spacecraft(2)变内部元音：foot→feet,tooth→teeth,man→men,woman→women(3)外来名词：medium→media媒体，phenomenon→phenomena现象，analysis→analyses分析-3-二常见的不可数名词一般来说，物质名词和抽象名词是不可数的，因此没有复数形式，一般也不能用a或an修饰。通常只用作不可数名词的有：milk,music,homework,housework,weather,news,butter,information,knowledge,bread,advice,progress,orange(橙汁),equipment,meat,fun,luggage,luck,work(工作),traffic,furniture,wealth,word(消息),room(空间),man(人类)等。三名词构词法(名词后缀)1．动词变名词的后缀-4--5-2．形容词变名词的后缀-6-3．表示“人”的后缀-7-四区分名词或名词所有格作定语1．名词作定语往往说明其名词的材料、用途、时间、地点、内容、类别等cottongoods棉织品busdriver公交车司机-8-BeijingUniversity北京大学eveningsuit晚礼服weatherforecast天气预报2．名词所有格作定语往往表示所属关系thestudents'books学生们的书过关检测(限时：30分钟)Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Two________(German)wereseenenterthebuildinganhourago.答案：Germans2．Whoeverchoosestobehappymusthelpotherstofind________(happy),forthewelfareofeachisboundupwiththewelfareofall.答案：happiness3．The________(soldier)heroicdeedearnedhimamedal.答案：soldier's4．Wehavetwo________(week)vacationforChristmas.答案：weeks'5．Withoutthepropertreatment,minor________(injury)orburnscouldleadtomoresufferingandevenlossoflives.答案：injuries6．Thestoreswereoverrunwithratsand________(mouse)．答案：mice7．Shewasather________(dentist)fortwohoursyesterday.答案：dentist's8．Youareworkingtoohard.You'dbetterkeepabalancebetweenworkand________(relax)．答案：relaxation9．Shehadviewsquitedifferentfromher________(father)．答案：father's10．Ihaven'tseenSarasinceshewasalittlegirl,andshehaschangedbeyond________(recognize)．答案：recognitionⅡ.单句改错1．Oftenshebuyssometoyforhimtoplaywith,especiallyonhisbirthday.________________________________________________________________-9-答案：toy→toys2．Duringthenextfewdays,wevisitedtheworld－famoussight,suchastheGreatWall,theSummerPalace.________________________________________________________________答案：sight→sights3．WhileIwaswalkingonmywaytoschool,Inoticedtwocleanersweepingthestreet.________________________________________________________________答案：cleaner→cleaners4．Theyhaveprobablyheardsomehorriblestoriesaboutotherkid.________________________________________________________________答案：kid→kids5．Weweretoldabouttheenemydefeatbyourforces.________________________________________________________________答案：enemy→enemy's6．It'soneofthemostbeautifulviewthatI'veeverseeninChina.________________________________________________________________答案：view→views7．Myfavoritesportisbadminton,whichbringsmemuchhappy.________________________________________________________________答案：happy→happiness8．Ithinkyoucanmakeitifyoufollowtheadvicesbelow.________________________________________________________________答案：advices→advice9．Weneedtotakeactiontodevelopasoundsystemthatadvocatesgoodbehaviorandkeepsallnecessaryrequirementsinminds.________________________________________________________________答案：minds→mind10．BillyandIaregoodfriends.IhavesomepicturesofBilly's.Lookatthisone.Howsweetheissmiling.__________________________________________________________