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1SectionⅣGrammar&Writing虚拟语气(二)一、在名词性从句中的运用1．在表示要求、命令、建议、请求等动词后接宾语从句中，以及这些动词的名词后接同位语或表语从句中的谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”。常见的此类动词：一坚持(insist)、二命令(order,command)、三要求(require,demand,request)、四建议(suggest,advise,propose,recommend)。(江苏卷)ShesuggestedthatDalejointhedebatingteam,believingthatpracticeinspeakingcouldgivehimtheconfidenceandrecognitionthatheneeded.她建议戴尔参加辩论队，她认为辩论队里的演讲练习会给予他所需要的信心和认可。Heinsistedthattheproblem(should)bediscussedatthemeeting.他执意要求在会上讨论这个问题。(2016·天津卷)Themanagerputforwardasuggestionthatweshouldhaveanassistant.经理提出了一个建议，我们应该有一个助手。Myadviceisthatwe(should)getmorepeopletoattendtheparty.我建议我们应该让更多的人参加晚会。当suggest作“暗示，表明”，insist作“坚持认为”时，从句要用陈述语气。Thegirl’spalefacesuggestedthatshewasillandIsuggestedthatshe(should)gotoseethedoctoratonce.这个女孩苍白的脸色表明她病了，我建议她马上去看医生。Jimstillinsistedthatthepaintingwasn’taPicassosoheinsistedthatweshouldnotbuyit.吉姆坚持认为这幅画不是毕加索的画，所以他坚决主张我们不要买它。2．在“Itis/was＋adj./done＋that...”句型中，从句中的谓语动词用(should＋)动词原形。常见的形容词或过去分词有：important,necessary,strange,suggested,2ordered,advised,requested,demanded等。Itisnecessarythatwe(should)cleantheroomeveryday.我们每天打扫房间是有必要的。3．wouldrather所接的宾语从句中，从句的谓语如果表示现在或将来要发生的动作，从句用一般过去时；如果表示过去发生过的动作，从句用过去完成时。Wewouldratherourdaughterstayedathomewithus,butitisherchoice,andsheisnotachildanylonger.我们宁愿女儿待在家里，陪在我们身边，但是选择权在她手上，毕竟她不再是个孩子了。对接高考①Eyedoctorsrecommendthatachild’sfirsteyeexam____________(be)attheageofsixmonthsold.眼科医生建议孩子第一次视力检查应该在六个月大的时候进行。be解析：recommend建议，后接宾语从句时，从句用虚拟语气，谓语动词用shoulddo形式，should可以省略，所以填be。二、三个固定句式中的虚拟语气句式现在虚拟过去虚拟将来虚拟ifonly引导的条件句及感叹句过去式had＋过去分词would/could/might＋动词原形asif/though引导的表语从句及方式状语从句过去式had＋过去分词would/could/might＋动词原形Itis(high)timethat...过去式或should＋动词原形ItwasJohnwhobrokethewindow.WhyareyoutalkingtomeasifIhaddoneit?打破窗户的是约翰。为什么你说得好像是我打破的似的？Lookatthetroublewearein.Ifonlywehadtakenourteacher’sadvice!看看我们所处的困境，要是我们当初听从老师的建议该多好！3当asif/though引导的句子所叙述的是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事实时，从句要用陈述语气。对接高考②Jackisagreattalker.It’shightimethathe____________(do)somethinginsteadofjusttalking.Jack是一个很喜欢说大话的人。到了他做点事情，而不是只讲大话的时候了。did解析：It’shightimethat后面的句子要用一般过去时。③Ifwe____________(book)atableearlier,wewouldn’tbestandinghereinaqueue.如果我们早订张桌子的话，我们就不会站在这儿排队了。hadbooked解析：根据语境可知，此处是if引导的虚拟条件句，从句叙述的是与过去事实相反的情况，因为“我们没有早订桌子”，谓语动词用haddone;而主句叙述的是与现在事实相反的情况，“现在我们正站着排队”。④Theywereabroadduringthemonthswhenwewerecarryingouttheinvestigation,orthey____________(come)toourhelp.在我们进行这项调查的这几个月里，他们在国外，要不然，他们就会来帮助我们的。wouldhavecome解析：本句考查的是一个含蓄的虚拟条件句，句中的or相当于iftheyhadnotgoneabroad。因为前面句中使用的是were,说明这个虚拟语气是与过去事实相反，所以主句中使用的是“情态动词＋havedone”的形式。Ⅰ单句语法填空1．Itishightimethatwe____________(urge)animmediateendtothisdeplorablephenomenon.答案：urged/shouldurge2．Mybossinsistedthatallthepapers____________(hand)inontime.Otherwise,Iwouldbefired.答案：(should)behanded3．Thegirlhadbeensufferingfromlungcancer,yetsheactedasifnothing____________(happen)toherwhileweweretogether.4答案：hadhappened4．Theprofessorgaveordersthatthetest____________(finish)before5o’clock.答案：(should)befinished5．Mymomsuggeststhatwe____________(eat)outforachangethisweekend.答案：(should)eat6．IwouldratherI____________(come)yesterday,forImissedagoodshow.答案：hadcome7．Itisrequiredthatmiddleschoolstudents____________(take)exerciseforatleastonehouraday.答案：(should)take8．IfonlyI____________(can)speakseveralforeignlanguagesnow.答案：could9．Itisnecessarythatwe____________(make)everythingreadyaheadoftime.答案：(should)make10．Itisstrangethatthecar____________downatexactlythesameplacewhereit____________downyesterday.(break)答案：(should)break；brokeⅡ单句改错1．Hissuggestionthatyoumusttryasecondtimesoundsreasonable.____________________答案：must→should或去掉must2．Itistimethatwetakemeasurestopreventharmfulfoodproducing.____________________答案：take→took或在take前加should3．Ibelievewe’llturnourschoolintoabetterplace.HowIwishwecanenjoyabetterschoollife.____________________答案：can→could4．Theymetforthefirsttime,buttheytalkedhappilyasiftheyhavebeengoodfriendsforalongtime.____________________5答案：have→had5．Weallareforyourproposalthatthesportsmeetingputoffbecauseofthebadweather.____________________答案：在put前加beⅢ语法与写作1．他考试又失败了。要是他更努力些就好了。Hefailedintheexamagain.Ifonlyhe________________________．答案：hadworkedharder2．英语老师们建议我们充分利用每个机会说英语。Englishteachersgiveadvicethatwe________________________everychancetospeakEnglish.答案：(should)makegooduseof3．确实到了我们采取措施解决污染的时候了。Itishightimethatwe________________________thepollution.答案：tooksomemeasurestosolve4．我们万一不能及时完成这个计划怎么办？________________________________theplanintime?答案：Whatifwecouldnotfulfill/finish5．我宁愿他昨天帮助了我。Iwouldrather________________________ahandyesterday.答案：hehadgivenme如何写建议类的电子邮件文体感知建议类的电子邮件就是在邮件中向收件人提出建议和忠告。1．先要明确写给谁。写给个人，就其遇到的某个问题提出自己的建议和看法。写给某个组织机构，就改进其服务等方面提出建议和忠告。2．正文：(1)发邮件的原因和背景；(2)建议的内容及提出建议的理由；(3)对收件人的6祝福和祝愿。3．要用简练的语言。电子邮件要写得简明扼要，具有合理性和说服力，同时注意说话的语气要委婉。增分佳句1．建议信开头常用句式：Iwassopleasedtohearfromyou，andIamwritingtogiveyousometipsonjobinterview.2．表达建议常用句式：(1)Inreplytoyourletterabout...，letmetellyouaboutthat.(2)Secondly，itisnecessary/unnecessaryforyouto...(3)Inmyopinion，itwouldbebetter...(4)Itshouldbeagoodideato...(5)AsfarasIamconcerned，you’dbetter...(6)What’smore，itwillbehelpful