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-1-SectionⅢGrammar——虚拟语气(一)课前语法感知Ⅰ.教材语法感知教材原句①Haveyoueverwishedyoucouldpaintaswellasaprofessionalartist?②Ifyouwereanartist,whatkindofpictureswouldyoupaint?③Iftherulesofperspectivehadnotbeendiscovered,noonewouldhavebeenabletopaintsuchrealisticpictures.④Withoutthenewpaintsandthenewtechnique,wewouldnotbeabletoseethemanygreatmasterpiecesforwhichthisperiodisfamous.⑤Therearescoresofmodernartstyles,butwithouttheImpressionists,manyofthesepaintingstylesmightnotexist.探究发现(1)例句①是wish后的宾语从句中表示与现在事实相反的假设，谓语动词用一般过去时。(2)例句②③中含有if引导的非真实条件句。②中表示与现在事实相反，从句中用一般过去时。③中表示与过去事实相反，从句中用过去完成时。(3)例句④⑤是without引导的含蓄虚拟条件句，都表示与现在事实相反的假设，用一般过去时。Ⅱ.真题语法感知1．(2018·北京高考)Theymighthavefoundabetterhotelifthey________(drive)afewmorekilometers.答案：haddriven2．(2017·天津高考)—DoyouhaveBetty'sphonenumber?—Yes.Otherwise,I________(be)abletoreachheryesterday.答案：wouldn'thavebeen3．(2017·北京高考)Ifthenewsafetysystem__________(put)touse,theaccidentwouldneverhavehappened.答案：hadbeenput4．(2015·天津高考)IwishI________(be)atmysister'sweddinglastTuesday,butIwasonabusinesstripinNewYorkthen.答案：hadbeen5．(2015·陕西高考)Ellenisafantasticdancer.IwishI-2-________(dance)aswellasher.答案：danced6．(2015·四川高考)WhatdoyouthinkIshoulddo?Ifyou________(be)me,wouldyoutalktothem?答案：were课堂合作探究虚拟语气用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。下面我们讲解虚拟语气在条件状语从句中与名词性从句中的运用。一、虚拟语气在if条件句中的用法-3-名师点津(1)在虚拟语气中，be动词的过去式，通常各种人称都用were；但在口语中，如果主语是单数第三人称，有时也可用was。(2)几种特殊情况：①用介词without,butfor短语作条件，代替if条件句。ButforthewiseleadershipofourParty,wewouldn'tlivesuchahappylife.要不是我们党的英明领导，我们就不会过上这么幸福的生活。②隐含条件句：用but或otherwise连接前后句，隐藏虚拟条件。Therescuearrivedintime,otherwisetheywouldhavebeenfrozentodeath.援救人员及时赶到，否则他们早就冻死了。③错综时间条件句：虚拟条件和结果不在一个时间段内。IfIhadfollowedthedoctor'sadviceIwouldn'tsuffersomuchnow.要是我当时接受了医生的建议，我现在或许不会受如此大的苦了。④倒装句：虚拟条件句中，如有助动词were,had或should，可略掉if，并将助动词提到主语之前，形成倒装。ShouldIbefreetomorrow,Iwouldcometohelpyou.如果明天我有空，我会来帮助你。⑤Ifonly句型，意为“要是……就好了”，通常是对过去情况的假设。IfonlyIhadn'ttoldJackiethetruth,everythingcouldhavebeenallright.要是我没有告诉杰基实情，所有事情都会进展很顺利的。⑥asif/though引导的方式状语从句和表语从句，多用虚拟语气。Hetalkedasifhehadbeentomanyplacesintheworld.-4-他谈起话来好像他去过世界上的许多地方似的。Itlooksasifitmightrain.看上去好像要下雨。【即景活用1】(1)单句语法填空①Ifit________forDad,I________whereIamtoday.(notbe)②Ifit________(snow)tomorrow,we________(notgo)out.③Withoutair,there________(be)nolivingthings.④Ifyou________(work)morecarefully,you________(notmake)somanymistakes.⑤________I________(be)inyourposition,I________(notconsider)givingupsearching.⑥________(drive)morecarefully,otherwise,we________(break)thetrafficrules.答案：①weren't;wouldn'tbe②shouldsnow/weretosnow/snowed;wouldn'tgo③wouldbe④hadworked;wouldn'thavemade⑤Should;be;wouldn'tconsider⑥Drive;wouldbreak(2)单句写作①令我们惊奇的是，她说话的语气好像她对我的过去了如指掌。Tomysurprise,______________________everythingaboutmypast.②如果他遵照医生的忠告，现在病就好了。____________________thedoctor'sadvice,he________________alreadynow.③若不是格林老师的妙招，我们不可能这么出色地完成任务。ButforMrGreen'swiseadvice,we____________________soperfectly.④我本想在那张纸上画下她的肖像，但手头没有纸。I____________________onthepaper,buttherewasnopaperathand.答案：①shetalkedasifshehadknown②Ifhehadfollowed;wouldrecover③wouldn'thavecompletedourtask④wouldhavedrawnaportraitofher二、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法-5-名师点津(1)在英语中，表示请求、要求、命令或建议等意义的动词所接的宾语从句中，一般用虚拟语气，其谓语动词结构为：(should＋)动词原形。口诀记忆虚拟动词对于这类动词，我们可以使用下面的口诀记忆：一坚持(insist)二命令(order,command)-6-三建议(suggest,propose,advise)四要求(require,request,demand,desire)(2)insist意为“坚决要求”才用虚拟语气；意为“坚持说，坚持某种观点、某个事实”则不用虚拟语气。suggest意为“建议”才用虚拟语气，意为“暗示”则不用虚拟语气。【即景活用2】(1)单句语法填空①KateinsistedthatTom________(have)anothertry.②Thelookonhisfacesuggestedthathe________(be)unhappy.③Iwouldratheryou________(pay)menow.④HowIwishI________(know)theexactdateoftheevent.答案：①(should)have②was③paid④knew(2)单句写作①他若无其事地又继续看他的书。Hecontinuedwithhisreadingasif________________.②国王下令庆典于次日举行。Thekingorderedthatthecelebration______________________.③要是我听从了老师的建议就好了。IfonlyI____________________________.答案：①nothinghadhappened②(should)beheldthenextday③hadtakenmyteacher'sadvice课后演练提能[基础题]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Iwouldratheryou________(notknow)what'shappening.Ifso,youwouldn'tbesoworriedaboutus.答案：didn'tknow2．Mydemandisthatyou________(go)toseeyourparentsonceaweekhoweverbusyyouare.答案：(should)go3．Butforwe________(prepare)enoughbeforehand,ourtripwouldn'tbesopleasant.答案：hadprepared4．Thesoldierinsistedthathe________(notbe)Japanese,andthathe________(nottreat)asanenemy.-7-答案：wasn't;shouldn'tbetreated5．Iwishthecity________(do)somethingaboutthepoorconditionoftheroads.答案：woulddoⅡ.单句改错1．Iwouldratheryoustayedathomelastnight.__________________________________________________________________答案：you后加had2．Ifheisyou,heshouldtryhisbesttogotocollege.__________________________________________________________________答案：is→were3．Ifyouhadn'tseenthatfilmlatelastnight,youwillnotbesosleepynow.__________________________________________________________________答案：will→would4．Ourhomewon'tbesosuperbwithoutMom'stidiness.__________________________________________________________________答案：won't→wouldn't5．IwishIcanaccompanyyouinthecountryside,countingthestarsatnight.__________________________________________________________________答案：can→couldⅢ.单句写作1