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-1-PeriodⅡUsinglanguage——Grammar&VocabularyGrammar(定语从句3)课前自主预习[观察句子，总结规律]①TheseterraceswerebuiltbythelocalZhuangandYaopeople,towhomGuangxiishome.②Butperhapswhatismostsignificantisthewayinwhichpeoplehaveworkedinharmonywithnaturetomaketheseterracesandgrowrice.③Thisformscloudsfromwhichrainfallsdownontothemountainterracesonceagain.④Theseterracesalsoprovideaperfectenvironmentforbirdsandfish,someofwhichfeedoninsectsthatcanharmthericecrops.⑤Althoughmoderntechnologycouldhelpproducemorecrops,thericegrowersarepeopleforwhomtraditionsholdmuchvalue.[我的发现]通过观察可知：(1)句①⑤中，定语从句由加关系代词引导，一般先行词为表示的名词。(2)句②③④中，定语从句由加关系代词引导，一般先行词为表示的名词。答案：(1)介词；whom;人(2)介词；which;物精讲课时语法1.“介词＋关系代词”结构中的关系代词-2-“介词＋关系代词”是一个普遍使用的结构。“介词＋关系代词”结构中的关系代词只可用whom或which，不可用that。Doyourememberthedayonwhichyoujoinedourclub?还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗？Inthedarkstreet,therewasn'tasinglepersontowhomshecouldturnforhelp.在漆黑的大街上没有一个人可以让她求助的。2．“介词＋关系代词”结构中介词的确定介词的选择可以总结为：“一先、二动、三意义、四特殊”。(1)一先，即先看先行词，从先行词入手。介词往往和先行词构成固定搭配。(比如时间常和on,in,by搭配；地点常用on,in,at；原因用for；方式用in,by,with等)Thisisthehouseinwhichtheinventorlived.这就是那位发明家住的房子。(2)二动，即看从句中的谓语动词结构。根据从句中谓语动词的搭配选择合适的介词。Heisapersonofwhomeveryonehasheard.(hearof听说)他是一个人人都听说过的人。(3)三意义：通过判断主句表达的全部意义来确定合适的介词。Hewaseducatedatthelocalhighschool,afterwhichhewentontoBeijingUniversity.他在当地的一所高中上的学，那之后去北大继续求学。(4)四特殊：介词of常用于“表示部分的词语＋of＋关系代词”结构。表示部分的词语常见的有：不定代词all,both,none,neither,either,some,any，数词(含基数词，序数词，分数和百分数)；the＋最高级/比较级，以及表示数目或数量的词语many,most,few,several,enough,half,aquarter。Therearesixtystudentsinourclass,twentyofwhomaregirls.我们班有六十名学生，其中二十名是女生。Thefactoryproduceshalfamillionpairsofshoeseveryyear,80%ofwhicharesoldabroad.这家工厂每年生产50万双鞋，其中80%的鞋销往国外。Therearetworooms,thesmallerofwhichismystudyroom.这里有两个房间，较小的那个是我的书房。名师点津像listento，lookat，dependon，payattentionto，takecareof等固定动词短语，在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。,Thisisthepersonwhom/who/thatyouarelookingfor.,这就是你在找的那个人。-3-单句写作(应用“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句)1．这是我们去年居住的房间。Thisistheroomwelivedlastyear.答案：inwhich2．你刚才和她握手的那个妇女是汤姆的妈妈。ThewomanyoushookhandsisTom'smother.答案：withwhom3．约翰邀请了大约40人参加他的婚礼，他们当中绝大部分是家庭成员。Johninvitedabout40peopletohiswedding,arefamilymembers.答案：mostofwhom4．最近我买了个古代的花瓶，它的价格很合理。RecentlyIboughtanancientvase,wasveryreasonable.答案：thepriceofwhich5．请告诉我你没赶上飞机的原因。Pleasetellmethereasonyoumissedtheplane.答案：forwhichVocabularyreplacevt.以……替换，更换；把……放回原处(P65)归纳拓展(1)replace...with/by...用……代替……(2)replacesb./sth.＝taketheplaceofsb./sth.＝takeone'splace取代某人/某物(3)inplaceof代替，取代①JimbrokeTom'scupandhadtoreplaceitwithanewone.吉姆打破了汤姆的杯子，(因此)不得不给他换个新的。②Noonecantaketheplaceofherfatherinherheart.没有人可以取代父亲在她心目中的位置。-4-(1)单句语法填空①Wehadtokeeptrackofourbelongings,andifsomethingwaslost,itwasnot(replace)．②Manysubstancesarebeingusedplaceofcertainnaturallyoccurringmaterials.③We'vereplacedtheoldaddingmachineacomputer.答案：①replaced②in③with/by(2)句型转换JohnisillandIwanttoknowwhoisgoingtoreplacehim.→JohnisillandIwanttoknowwhoisgoingto.答案：taketheplaceofhim/takehisplace-5-Ⅰ.用“介词＋关系代词”填空1．Hebuiltatelescopehecouldstudythestars.答案：through/withwhich2．Canyoutellmethereasonyouwerelateagain.答案：forwhich3．Thisismybestfriend,Iwanttobuyapresent.答案：forwhom4．GuncontrolisasubjectAmericanshavearguedforalongtime.答案：aboutwhich5．IwillneverforgetthedayIwasadmittedtoafamousuniversity.答案：onwhich6．MyfatheristhefirstpersonIwillturnforhelpwhenImeetdifficulties.答案：towhom7．Thecouplefeltmostangryaboutthewaythewaiterofthehoteltreatedthem.答案：inwhich8．WhenwesternpeopletalkaboutthecitiesofChina,thefirstcomestotheirmindisPeking.答案：ofwhichⅡ.用含有“介词＋关系代词”的定语从句合并下列句子1．Thisisafield.Iusedtogrowvegetablesinthatfield.→答案：ThisisafieldinwhichIusedtogrowvegetables.2．ThisismyEnglishteacher.I'velearntalotfromher.→答案：ThisismyEnglishteacherfromwhomI'velearntalot.3．Guangzhouwasliberatedontheday.ThedaywasOct.14,1949.→答案：ThedayonwhichGuangzhouwasliberatedwasOct.14,1949.4．Inthebaskettherearequitemanyapples.Someoftheappleshavegonebad.→答案：Inthebaskettherearequitemanyapples,someofwhichhavegonebad.-6-5．Thenewlybuiltcaféisreallyapeacefulplaceforus.Thewallsofitarepaintedlightgreen.→答案：Thenewlybuiltcaféofwhichthewallsarepaintedlightgreenisreallyapeacefulplaceforus.Ⅲ.单句写作1．在我的第一堂化学课上，我知道了这个事实：这种无色气体被称作氧气，没有它我们无法生存。InmyfirstchemistryclassIknewthefactthatthiskindofcolorlessgasiscalledoxygen.答案：withoutwhichwecan'tlive2．课堂上电脑永远不会取代老师。Teacherswillnevercomputersintheclassroom.答案：bereplacedby3．我们不知道他拒绝我们帮助的原因。Wedidn'tknowthereason.答案：forwhichherefusedourhelp4．学生们应该积极参加那些能够让他们获得社会经验的社区活动。Studentsshouldtakeanactivepartinthecommunityactivities.答案：fromwhichtheycangainsocialexperience5．他是仍然健在的最伟大的作曲家之一。Heiscomposers.答案：oneofthegreatestliving课后课时作业-7-Gardeningispopularinmanypartsoftheworld.Thisoutdooractivitygivesusbeautifulplants,pleasantsmellingflowersandfreshfruitsandvegetables.Butitalsodoesalotofgoodtoourhealth.Gardeningconnectspeople.Whenyouaregardening,youareoutdoors.Soitisaperfectchancetomeetandspendtimewithyourneighbors.Mostpeoplelovetotalkabouttheirhobbies,andgardenersarenodifferent.Theyusuallyenjoyshowingpeoplewhattheyaregrowing.Andmostenjoysharingadviceandstoriesabouttheirgardensalmostasmuchassharingflowersandv