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-1-SectionⅡGrammar——现在完成进行时课前自主预习[例句·体验]1．—WhereisPeter?Ican'tfindhimanywhere.—Hewenttothelibraryafterbreakfastandhasbeenwritinghisessaythereeversince.——Peter在哪？我哪也找不到他。——早饭后他去了图书馆，从那以后他一直在那写论文。2．Martyhasbeenworkingreallyhardonhisbookandhethinkshe'llhavefinisheditbyFriday.玛蒂一直在努力地写着他的书，他想在周五前会完成它。3．Sincethetimehumankindstartedgardening,wehavebeentryingtomakeourenvironmentmorebeautiful.自从人类开始从事园艺工作以来，我们就一直在努力使我们的环境更美。4．—Tony,whyareyoureyesred?—Ihavebeencuttinguppeppersforthelastfiveminutes.——托尼，为什么你的眼睛红了？——过去的五分钟里我一直都在剁辣椒。5．Alltheseyearstheyhavebeencontributingarticlestoourmagazine.这些年来，他们一直为我们杂志写稿。6．Youknow,Ihavebeenlookingforajobforthreemonths,andthisismyfirstformalinterview.你知道吗，我找了三个月工作了，这是第一次正式的面试。7．Hereheis!Wehavebeenwaitinganxiouslyforhimsincelastnight.他来了！从昨天晚上到现在，我们一直在焦急地等待着他。8．Inordertopreparefortheexam,IhaveneverseenafilmsinceMarch.为了准备考试，我从三月份至今，就没看过一场电影。9．Shehasbeenplayingfootballsinceshewassix.自从6岁开始她就一直在踢足球。10．Wherehaveyoubeen?Wehavebeenlookingforyoueverywhere.你到哪里去了，我们到处在找你。-2-课堂合作探究[语法·讲座]1．现在完成进行时的构成现在完成进行时由have/has＋been＋动词的现在分词构成，第三人称单数用has，其他人称用have。2．现在完成进行时的用法(1)表示从过去某时开始一直延续到现在的动作。这个动作可能刚停止，也可能将继续进行下去，常与延续性动词连用。并常与allthetime,thisweek,thismonth,allnight,allthemorning,recently以及since和for引导的状语连用。IhavebeenreadingHemingway'sFarewelltoArmsrecently.我最近一直在读海明威的《永别了，武器》。Tomhasbeenworkinghardsincethenewtermbegan.自从新学期开始以来，汤姆一直在努力学习。Sorry!I'mlate.Howlonghaveyoubeenwaitingforme?对不起！我来迟了。你等了我多长时间？Myclothesareallwet.I'vebeenworkingintherain.我的衣服全湿了。我刚才一直在雨中干活。(2)表示一直到说话时为止的一段时间内一再重复发生的动作。Hehasbeenwritingarticlestothenewspapersandmagazinessincehebecameateacher.自从任教以来，他一直在为报刊、杂志撰稿。(3)表达较重的感情色彩。Whathaveyoubeendoingtomydictionary?看你把我的字典弄成什么样子了？Toomuchhasbeenhappeningtoday.今天可真是个多事的日子。-3-3．现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别(1)在不用时间状语的情况下，现在完成进行时表示动作仍在持续进行，而现在完成时则表示动作在过去已结束。Wehavebeencleaningtheclassroom.我们一直在打扫教室。(尚未打扫完)Wehavecleanedtheclassroom.我们打扫过教室了。(已打扫完)(2)现在完成进行时往往表示动作在重复，现在完成时则常常不带重复性。Haveyoubeenmeetingherlately?你最近一直跟她见面吗？(有“经常相会”之意)Haveyoumetherlately?你最近跟她见过面吗？(没有“经常相会”之意)(3)表示暂时性的动作用现在完成进行时较好，表示长时期的接近于状态的动作时，用现在完成时较好。Hehasbeenstayingwithhisuncleduringthepasttwomonths.最近两个月他和他叔叔在一起。(短暂性动作)Wehaveworkedinthesouthsincewegraduated.毕业后我们一直在南方工作。(长时期的接近于状态的动作)(4)有些表示状态、感情、感觉的动词(如：have,exist,like,hate,hear,know,sound等)及不具延续意义的动词(如：finish,come,marry等)不能用于现在完成进行时，但可用于现在完成时。They'veknowneachothersince1990.(不用Theyhavebeenknowing...)自1990年起他们就认识了。JohnhaslovedMarysincetenyearsago.约翰自十年前就爱上了玛丽。Thepropertyhasbelongedtomyuncleduringthelasttenyears.十年来这财产一直是我叔叔的。(5)在否定句中一般用现在完成时而不用现在完成进行时。Ihavenotspoken(而不说havenotbeenspeaking)Englishfortwoyears.我有两年没讲英语了。Hehasneverseenamanlikehim.他从没见过像他一样的男人。[课堂·总结演练]-4-Ⅰ单句语法填空1．Itisthethirdtimethatyou________(come)toourschool.答案：havecome2．SofarPeter________(notring)back.Shallwemakeaphonecalltohimagain?答案：hasn'trung3．TheChinese________(make)paperfortwothousandyears.答案：havebeenmaking4．Sheoughttostopwork;shehasaheadachebecauseshe________(read)alldaylong.答案：hasbeenreading5．SinceIwontheprize,myphonehasneverstoppedringing.People________(phone)toaskhowIwillspendthemoney.答案：havebeenphoningⅡ单句写作1．他一直盼望着加薪。He______________________ariseinsalaryallthetime.答案：hasbeenhopingfor2．最近我们经常见面。We______________________eachotherquitealotrecently.答案：havebeenseeing3．她已经画了一幅画。She______________apicture.答案：haspainted4．这几个星期我一直告诉你不要迟到。I____________________younottobelateforweeks.答案：havebeentelling5．你到哪里去了？我好久都没有你的消息了。Where____________？I______________________foralongtime.答案：haveyoubeen;haven'theardfromyou演练通关提升[夯实·基础知识]Ⅰ单句语法填空-5-1．Sorry,I'mfull.I________(have)supperalready.答案：havehad2．Nowthatsheisoutofjob,Lucy________(consider)goingbacktoschool,butshehasn'tdecidedyet.答案：hasbeenconsidering3．He________(write)thenovelforabout3yearsandhaswrittenabout70%ofit.答案：hasbeenwriting4．We________(look)forcheaphousesbuthaven'tfoundonewelikeyet.答案：havebeenlooking5．Thegirlhasagreatinterestinsportand________(take)badmintonclassestwiceaweekoverthelastthreeyears.答案：hasbeentaking6．CathyistakingnotesofthegrammaticalrulesinclassatSunshineSchool,whereshe________(study)Englishforayear.答案：hasbeenstudying7．Spaceexplorationbeganinthe1960s,andsincethenaboutfivehundredpeople________(travel)intospace.答案：havetravelled8．Eventhoughthescientist________(conduct)theexperimentforthreemonths,itisn'tfinishedyet,sinceitistoochallenging.答案：hasbeenconducting9．Joseph________(go)toeveningclassessincelastmonth,buthestillcan'tsay“What'syourname？”inRussian.答案：hasbeengoing10．IhavetoseethedoctorbecauseI________(cough)alotlately.答案：havebeencoughingⅡ单句改错1．Weworkedonthisprojectforfourhours.Let'shavearest._______________________________________________________________答案：worked→havebeenworking2．Yesterdayhetoldmethathedidn'teatanythingsinceTuesday._______________________________________________________________答案：didn'teat→hadn'teaten-6-3．Isthatthesumofwhatyouaredoinginthelasttwoyears?_______________________________________________________________答案：aredoing→havedone4．Thelittleboyiswalkingforawholeday,whichmakeshimexhausted.______________________________________________________