-1-PeriodⅡUsinglanguage——Grammar&VocabularyGrammar(现在分词作状语)课前自主预习[观察句子,总结规律]①BeforeexperiencingTheRevengeofPrinceZidan,Iwasn'tsureifIwouldenjoyit.②Using_such_techniques,_theoperahadtransformedasmallstageintothewholeuniverse.③HavingseenquiteafewproductionsofHamletandreadtheplaymanytimes,Iwasfullofconfidence—untilthePekingOperacametotown![我的发现](1)句①~③中可知现在分词的逻辑主语都是句子的________。(2)句①中画线部分作________状语;句②中画线部分作________状语。(3)句①②中现在分词短语为一般式,表示动作与谓语动词________;句③中现在分词短语为完成式,表示动作发生在谓语动词________。答案:(1)主语(2)时间;方式(3)同时发生;之前精讲课时语法一、现在分词作状语的用法现在分词(短语)在句中作状语来修饰谓语动词或整个句子,表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、方式、让步或伴随状况。-2-1.作时间状语(相当于一个时间状语从句)Walking_in_the_park,_shesawanoldfriend.=When/While_(she_was)_walking_in_the_park,_shesawanoldfriend.当她在公园里散步时,她看到了一位老朋友。名师点津当表示正在进行的动作时,可直接在分词前面加上when/while,此时也可理解为状语从句的省略。2.作原因状语(一般可转换成由as或because引导的原因状语从句)Being_ill,_hecouldn'tgotoschool.=As_he_was_ill,_hecouldn'tgotoschool.因为生病了,他无法去上学。3.作条件状语(一般放在句首,其前可以加if,unless等连词)Working_hard,_you'llmakegreatprogress.=If_you_work_hard,_you'llmakegreatprogress.如果你努力工作,你将取得很大进步。4.作结果状语现在分词作结果状语时,通常放在句末,中间用逗号隔开,表示一种顺其自然、意料之中的结果。Theplatedroppedfromherhands,breaking_into_pieces.盘子从她手中掉了下来,摔成了碎片。名师点津现在分词作结果状语,是随着谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果,其逻辑主语往往是前面整个句子所描述的情况,前面有时候可以加thus。而不定式作结果状语时常表示出乎意料的结果,有时前面可以加only。Hewascaughtintherain,thus_making_himself_catch_cold.被雨淋后他感冒了。Ihurriedtoschool,only_to_find_it_was_Sunday.我匆忙赶到学校,结果发现是星期天。5.作让步、方式和伴随状语现在分词作让步、方式和伴随状语时,说明动作发生的背景和情况。作伴随状语时,表示分词的动作和主句的动作同时发生,此时它可转换成并列句。Marysatbythewindowoftheclassroom,reading_a_book.=Marysatbythewindowoftheclassroomand_was_reading_a_book.玛丽坐在教室的窗边读一本书。名师点津为强调动词ing形式表达的意义,可在其前加上各种连词。例如,加上when,-3-while强调与谓语动词同时发生;加上before,after强调动作先后发生;加上thus强调结果;加上although强调让步等。Though_knowing_all_this,_theymademepayforthedamage.尽管他们了解这一切,但还是让我赔偿损失。二、现在分词作状语注意事项1.现在分词的时态现在分词作状语时,要注意分词的时间性,是用现在分词的一般式(doing),还是用完成式(havingdone)。(1)当现在分词的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生时,用分词的一般式。Walking_in_the_street,_Imetanoldfriendofmine.我正走在大街上,遇到了一位老朋友。(walking和谓语动词met同时发生)(2)当现在分词的动作先发生,而谓语动词的动作后发生时,用分词的完成式。Having_finished_the_letter,_hewenttopostit.他写完信后就把它寄了出去。(havingfinished是先发生的,wenttopost是后发生的)2.现在分词的语态使用现在分词的主动式还是被动式,主要取决于现在分词和句子主语之间的关系。句子的主语就是分词的逻辑主语。Having_been_shown_around_the_factory,_theywereveryhappy.(现在分词的被动式)被领着参观了工厂后,他们很高兴。Having_finished_his_homework,_hewenttobed.(现在分词的主动式)完成了作业后,他上床睡觉。3.现在分词的否定式:not+v.ing;nothaving+v.edNot_knowing_this,_hedidn'tcome.他不知道这件事,所以没来。Not_having_made_full_preparations,_weputoffthesportsmeeting.因为没有做好充分的准备,我们把运动会延期了。4.独立主格现在分词作状语,有时它也可以有自己独立的主语,这种结构称为独立主格结构,通常用来表示伴随的动作或情况,也可以表示时间、原因或条件。Thetreesareextremelytall,some_measuring_over_90_metres.那些树非常高,其中一些测量为90多米。The_weather_being_fine,_wewentoutforawalk.由于天气好,我们去散步了。5.现在分词作评注性状语-4-有些现在分词在句中没有逻辑主语,它们往往作为句子的评注性状语来修饰整个句子,表明说话者的态度、观点等。例如:generallyspeaking“一般来说”,judgingby/from...“从……判断”,takingeverythingintoconsideration“从全盘考虑”。Judging_from_his_behaviour,_hemustbemad.从他的行为来判断,他一定是疯了。Ⅰ.分析下列各句中现在分词作状语的类型1.Hearing_the_news,_theyimmediatelysetoffforthestation.()答案:时间状语2.Not_knowing_his_address,_Ican'twritetohim.()答案:原因状语3.Thechildslippedandfell,hitting_his_head_against_the_door.()答案:结果状语4.Living_miles_away,_heattendedthelecture.()答案:让步状语5.Helayinbed,reading_a_novel.()答案:伴随状语6.Using_a_stick,_thepainterdrewapictureonthegroundintenminutes.()答案:方式状语7.Keeping_on_your_feet,_youwillmakeyourselfmoretired.()答案:条件状语Ⅱ.单句语法填空1.________(see)nobodyathome,hedecidedtoleavethemanote.答案:Seeing2.________(turn)around,shesawanambulancedrivingaway.答案:Turning3.Theoldscientistdiedallofasudden,________(leave)theprojectunfinished.答案:leaving4.________(hear)thenews,theyjumpedforjoy.答案:Hearing5.________(smoke)toomuch,hehassufferedfromlungcancer.答案:Havingsmoked-5-6.________(work)forthreehours,hetookarest.答案:Havingworked7.________(live)inBeijingforyears,Ialmostknoweveryplacequitewell.答案:Havinglived8.________(tell)forseveraltimes,hestillcouldn'tunderstandtherules.答案:Havingbeentold9.________(spend)nearlyallourmoney,wecouldn'taffordtostayatahotel.答案:Havingspent10.________(talk)to,youshouldlookintotheeyesoftheperson.答案:BeingtalkedVocabulary1gratefuladj.感谢的,感激的(P41)归纳拓展(1)begratefultosb.forsth.因某事而感激某人Iwouldbegratefulif...如果……,我将不胜感激。(2)gratefullyadv.感激地①Iam_grateful_toyouforhelpingme.我感谢你对我的帮助。②I'd_be_very_grateful_ifyoucouldletmeknowassoonaspossible.如果你能尽快让我知道,我将不胜感激。(1)单句语法填空①Wearegrateful________you________allyouhavedone.②Anyhelpordonationswillbe________(grateful)received.答案:①to;for②gratefully(2)单句写作①对于你的及时帮助,我深表感谢。Iamgrateful________________________.②如果您能为我提供以下信息,我将不胜感激。-6-________________________youcouldsupplymewiththefollowinginformation.答案:①toyouforyourtimelyhelp②Iwouldbegratefulif2absorbedadj.专心致志的(P41)归纳拓展(1)beabsorbedin(doing)sth.专心于/全神贯注于(做)某事(2)absorbvt.吸收;理解,掌握;使并入absorbone'sattention吸引某人的注意力①Iwas_absorbed_inreadingabookanddidn'thearyoucallme.我当时正专心读书,没有听见你叫我。②ThefirstChinesewomanastronautLiuYangabsorbed_the_whole_world's_attention.第一位中国女宇航员刘洋吸引了全世界人们的注意力。名师点津表示“注意力集中于……”的还有:bedevotedto,belostin,concentrateon,focuson,beburiedin,putone'sheartinto等。(1)单句语法填空①Absorbed________hiswork,Tomsimplyforgotfoodandsleep