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-1-第2讲情态动词和虚拟语气情态动词和虚拟语气在高考的语法填空和短文改错中鲜有考查，但在写作中却经常使用，恰当运用此语法能够成为得分的亮点，因此在二轮备考中考生对此语法也应做到足够重视。考点感悟语法填空语法填空中对虚拟语气和情态动词的考查并不难，主要是一些常见的基本用法。感1.(2018·天津高考)Ican'tfindmypurse.I________haveleftitinthesupermarketyesterday,butI'mnotsure.答案：might/could此处表示对过去情况“有可能”的推测。2.(2018·江苏高考)Thereisagoodsociallifeinthevillage,andIwishI________(have)asecondchancetobecomemoreinvolved.答案：had根据语意语境可知wish在此表达现在的一个愿望，其后的宾语从句应用虚拟语气，谓语动词要用过去式。3.(2017·北京高考)Ifthenewsafetysystem________(put)touse,theaccidentwouldneverhavehappened.答案：hadbeenput根据语意及句中的wouldneverhavehappened可知，if从句表示对过去情况的假设，故应用过去完成时。且主语system与put之间为被动关系，应用被动语态。悟1.wish后接虚拟句如果表示对现在的虚拟，从句用一般过去时。如果表示对过去的虚拟从句，用过去完成时。2.虚拟语气的基本用法对现在的虚拟if从句中动词用过去式，主句用might/could/should/would＋动词原形；对过去的虚拟，从句用过去完成时，主句用would/should/could/might＋havedone。短文改错短文改错中对虚拟语气和情态动词的考查并不多见，涉及时也是以基本用法为主。感1.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Wecanchosebetweenstayingathomeandtakingatrip._____________________答案：chose→choose情态动词后应跟动词原形。2.(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Ishouldavailableanytimeafterschoolnextweek._____________________答案：should后加be句子缺少系动词且在should后应用be。3.(2019·东北三校联盟)MostcitizensinHongKongstronglyinsistedthatthosewhoattackedthepolicewithviolencewereputintoprison.-2-_____________________答案：were→beinsist作“坚持要求”讲时，其后宾语从句的谓语动词用(should＋)动词原形，此处those与put之间为被动关系，故改为beput。4.(2015·四川高考)Ifyouareme,wouldyoutalktothem？_____________________答案：are→were根据语意可知此处应用虚拟语气，表示与现在事实相反，be动词应用were。悟1.虚拟语气中be动词的选用表示对现在的虚拟，be动词一般用were。2.insist“坚决要求”，suggest“建议”等后面接虚拟从句，谓语应为shoulddo形式，should可省。考点素能一情态动词1.情态动词的基本用法情态动词不能单独作谓语，必须和后面的实义动词或be动词一起构成谓语。(1)can/could的用法：①表示能力，意为“能，会”。②表示客观或理论上的可能性。③表示推测，意为“可能”，用于否定句和疑问句。can比could语气强。(2)may/might的用法：①表示请求和许可。在疑问句中might可以代替may，语气更加委婉。②表示推测，意为“或许，可能”，通常用于肯定句和否定句。might比may语气弱。(3)must的用法：①表示“必须”，语气强烈。②表示推测，意为“一定”，用于肯定句。③意为“偏要，非要……不可”。(4)shall的用法：①用于第一人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见。②用于各种人称陈述句中，表示说话人的命令、警告、威胁、允诺、决心等；或用于条约、规定、法令、法律等，意为“必须”。(5)should/oughtto的用法：①should表示责任、义务、劝告、建议等，意为“应该”。②should表示出乎意料的口气，意为“竟然，居然”。③should和oughtto表示推测，指预期的可能性，意为“应该，估计”。-3-2.“情态动词＋havedone”的用法该结构主要用来表述过去的情况，包括对过去的推测、遗憾、责备等。(1)musthavedone“一定做过了某事”，表示对过去事情有把握的推测。(2)couldhavedone“本能做某事(而实际上未做)”，can't/couldn'thavedone“(过去)不可能做过某事”。(3)may/mighthavedone“(过去)有可能做过某事”。(4)should/oughttohavedone“本该做某事而没做”。(5)needn'thavedone“本不必做某事(而实际上做了)”。二虚拟语气1.虚拟语气在if条件状语从句中的应用-4-2.虚拟语气在其他从句中的应用(1)wish后面的宾语从句，表示一种不可能实现的愿望：①表示与现在事实相反，从句谓语动词用过去式。②表示与过去事实相反，从句用had＋done。③表示与将来事实相反，从句用would/could/should/might＋动词原形。(2)wouldrather后面的宾语从句：①表示与现在或将来事实相反时，从句谓语动词用过去式。②表示与过去事实相反时，从句用had＋done。(3)表示主张、命令、建议、要求等词后的宾语从句和同位语从句常用“should＋动词原形”-5-结构，should可省略。(4)定语从句：It's(high/about)time(that)...句型中，从句的谓语动词用一般过去时或should＋动词原形(其中should不可省略)，意为“确实到了……的时候了”。(5)asif引导的状语从句中：①表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用过去式。②表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用had＋done。③表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词用would/could/might＋动词原形。过关检测(限时：30分钟)Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.Itisrequiredbylawthatadrivingtest________(take)beforeamangetsalicense.答案：(should)betaken2.Icouldn't________(go)throughthehardtimesbutformyteacher'sgenerousandtimelyhelp.答案：havegone3.Iwasillthatday,otherwiseIwould________(take)partinthesportsmeet.答案：havetaken4.Thenationwidesmogservesasaconstantreminder,indicatingthatit'shightimewe________(reflect)onourselves.答案：reflected/shouldreflect5.Ithasbeenacceptedthatallthestudents________putonmasksbeforegoingtoschoolincasetheyareinfectedwithfluvirus.答案：shall6.Johnwantstoseemenow,butIhavesomuchworkonhandthatIwouldratherhe________(come)tomorrowinsteadoftoday.答案：came7.—Don'tyouthinkitisnecessarythathe________(notsend)totheBullsbutto-6-theKeats？—Iagree,buttheproblemisthatherefusesto.答案：(should)notbesent8.—IpromiseShirley________getanewiPadonherbirthday.—Willitbeabigsurprisetoher？答案：shall9.Idon'tthinkyou________giveuptheopportunitytogotouniversitywhichyouhavebeendreamingabout.答案：should10.________itraintomorrow,wewouldhavetocancelthefootballmatch.答案：ShouldⅡ.单句改错1.IfIhaven'tseenitwithmyowneyes,Iwouldn'thavebelievedit._____________________答案：haven't→hadn't2.Wewouldratherourdaughterstayathomewithus,butitisherchoice,andsheisnotachildanylonger._____________________答案：stay→stayed3.Wewouldaswellstaywhereweare,becausetheoutsideisunsafe._____________________答案：would→might/may4.Youneedhavestudiedthatlatelastnight.Itwasharmfultoyourhealth._____________________答案：need后面加not5.Haditnotbeenformyteacher'shelp,Iwon'thavewonthefirstplaceinthecontest._____________________答案：won't→wouldn't6.Nodrivingafterdrinkingisarulethateverydriverwillobeyinourcountry._____________________答案：will→shall7.HaveIfollowedyouradvice,Iwouldn'tbeinsuchanembarrassingsituationnow._____________________答案：Have→Had-7-8.—Sorry,Mum!Ifailedthejobinterviewagain.—Oh,it'stoobad.Youmusthavemadefullpreparations._____________________答案：must→should9.AlthoughyoumustfindbargainsinLondon,it'snotgenerallyacheapplacetoshop._____________________答案：must→can10.ShouldIhaveawordwithyou?Itwon'ttakelong._____________________答案：Should→Can/MayⅢ.语法填空Arecentstudyshowsthatmostadultsdidhouseholdchores__1__(active)whentheywereyoung.Mostkidstodaydonotdoasmanyhouseholdchoresasbefore,__2__samestudyshows.Anexpertsaid,“Parentstodaywanttheirkidstospendmoretime__3__thingsthatcanbringthemmo