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-1-第4讲词义猜测类题型概述题型破解1语境分析猜词义解题指导词义猜测常用的五种方法：1.基本构词法：根据前后缀、合成及词性转换去猜测词义；2.同义或定义解释法：上下文中以某种方式对其进行解释，如利用or,thatis(tosay),inotherwords,namely等词语进行解释，或利用破折号、同位语(从句)、定语从句等进行解释；3.前后对比法：上下文中往往对生词提供一定的对比背景，且常以反义或对照的方式出现，以此可推测出生词的含义；4.因果推断法：结合上下文的因果关系进行猜测；5.语境理解法：要准确猜测出生词的含义大多需要根据上下文语境去分析和推断。[典例](2019·全国卷Ⅰ·B篇)...Buthe'snervous.“I'mheretotellyoutodaywhyyoushould...should...”Christripsonthe“－ld”，apronunciationdifficultyformanynon－nativeEnglishspeakers.Histeacher,ThomasWhaley,isnexttohim,whisperingsupport.“...Votefor...me...”Exceptforsomestumbles,_Chrisisdoingamazinglywell.Whenhebringshisspeechtoaniceconclusion,Whaleyinvitestherestoftheclasstopraisehim....25．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“stumbles”inparagraph2referto?A．Improperpauses.B．Badmanners.C．Spellingmistakes.D．Sillyjokes.解析A根据第二段中的“youshould...should...”以及“...Votefor...me...”这样的语句特点可知，Chris的演讲不流畅，也就是说有不适当的停顿。这是他表现不好的地方，与画线词后的句意“他完成得非常好”构成转折关系，与短语exceptfor的语意相呼应。故选A。2就近原则猜指代解题指导猜测代替词的指代内容，要求考生判断代词(it,one,they,this,that,these,those,which等)或助动词(do,does,did等)具体替代什么。可按以下三步进行：-2-返回原文，找到指代词→向上(有时向下)搜索，找最近的名词、代词、短语或句子→将找到的词、词组或句子代入替代该指代词，看意思和逻辑关系是否通顺，从而确定最佳选项。[典例](2017·全国卷Ⅰ·C篇)...Despitethecelebrations,though,intheUSthejazzaudiencecontinuestoshrinkandgrowolder,andthemusichasfailedtoconnectwithyoungergenerations.It'sJasonMoran'sjobtohelpchangethat.AstheKennedyCenter'sartisticadviserforjazz,Moranhopestowidentheaudienceforjazz,makethemusicmoreaccessible,andpreserveitshistoryandculture.29．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inParagraph3referto?A．Jazzbecomingmoreaccessible.B．Theproductionofjazzgrowingfaster.C．Jazzbeinglesspopularwiththeyoung.D．Thejazzaudiencebecominglarger.解析C根据上一段中的“thejazzaudiencecontinuestoshrinkandgrowolder,andthemusichasfailedtoconnectwithyoungergenerations”可知，爵士乐不怎么受现在年轻人的喜爱，所以that指代上文提到的这种状况，故选C项。3意义吻合猜句意解题指导句意猜测要求考生通过阅读文章，用合适的语句对其进行解释性的描述。考生要注意以下两点：1.返回原文，找到该句，对原句进行语法和逻辑关系分析。对于需要猜测句意的情形，首先要理解句子的前后特定语境，然后根据语境对此句在文中的意思进行有依据的推理，最后再进行归纳总结，得出答案；2.一般来说，正确选项的意思和原句的意思完全相同，只不过是用其他的词汇或句式来进行了转换表达而已。[典例](2019·全国卷Ⅱ·B篇)“Youcanusemeasalastresort(选择),andifnobodyelsevolunteers,thenIwilldoit.”ThiswasanactualreplyfromaparentafterIputoutarequestforvolunteersformykids'lacrosse(长曲棍球)club.Iguessthatthere'sprobablysomedemandingworkschedule,orsocialanxietyaroundsteppinguptohelpforanunknownsport.Shemayjustneedalittlepersuading.SoItryagainandtug_at_the_heartstrings.ImentionthesingleparentwithfourkidsrunningtheshowandItalkaboutthedadcoachingateamthathiskidsaren'tevenon...Atthispointtheunwillingparentspeaksup,“Alright.Yes,I'lldoit.”...25．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“tugattheheartstrings”inparagraph2-3-mean?A．Encourageteamwork.B．Appealtofeelings.C．Promotegooddeeds.D．Provideadvice.解析B根据画线短语前一句可知，这位家长可能需要一点点劝说。随后作者对这位家长进行了举例劝说：一位有四个孩子的单亲母亲在主持这次活动，一位孩子不在此队的父亲担任长曲棍球队的教练。这些例子都是为了动之以情，吸引这位家长来做志愿工作，故答案为B。过关检测(限时：35分钟)(2019·人民附中高三月考)Bestfriendsmaybepricelessbutthecostofkeepingtherelationshipaliveis￡23,870.Accordingtoastudy,aBFF(BestFriendForever)doesnotcomecheapwithdevotedpalsblowing￡4,679onbirthdaypresentsaloneoveralifetime.Andwhileitcostsnothingtobeashouldertocryon,big－heartedBritonsgotheextramileandspend￡168onpick－me－ups(提神物品)togettheirmatethrougharockypatch(艰难时刻)likethebreak－upofarelationship.There'safurther￡242spentonpresentstoshowhowmuchtheymeanfromgiftsboughtonholidaytotreatsfornoreason.AnddistancedoesnotbreakupaclosefriendshipasBFFsspendawhopping(巨大的)￡18,000ontraveltoseeeachotherdespitebeingmilesapartbecauseofuniversity,jobsandmarriage.ThestudybycashbacksiteTopCashBackfoundonaverageBFFswhowedcanexpect￡431spentonthemandafurther￡283ongiftswhentheyhavechildren.Andtheycanrelyontheirpalstohelpoutwhentheymovehouseastheywillobtain￡127worthofhouse－warmingpresentsandtakeawaysaswellasputtinginashiftwiththepackingandunpacking.Thesurveybasedonafriendshiplasting40yearsfoundmorethaneightintenadultswithaBFFfelttheirfriendshipswerewortheverypenny.TopCashBackspokespersonNatashaSmithsaid,“Thosefriendshipswhichstandthetestoftimeareoftenthemostimportantinourlives.However,theycomeatacost.FromtrainticketsonceamonthtoflightsandanewdressforaweddingontheItaliancoast,thepricepaidforhavingabestmatecansoonaddup.Butwhenweaskedpeopletocomparetheirfriendshipwiththemonetaryinvestment,only14%thoughttheir-4-friendshipwasequaltotheirinvestmentwiththevastmajoritythinkingitwasworthmore.”篇章导读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。最好的朋友也许是无价的，但维持一段友谊却是高价的。那么你知道维持一段友谊需要多少钱吗？一项研究给出了答案。1．WhatdoestheunderlinedwordinParagraph2mean?A．Ambitious.B．Generous.C．Troublesome.D．Energetic.答案：B词义猜测题。画线部分后的“gotheextramileandspend￡168onpick－me－ups(提神物品)togettheirmatethrougharockypatch(艰难时刻)likethebreak－upofarelationship”就是对它的进一步说明。此处指虽然在朋友哭泣时成为朋友的依靠并不需要花费什么，但是英国人会为朋友付出更多，他们会花168英镑来为朋友买令人振作的物品，助其度过诸如关系破裂等困难时期。由此推断画线部分的意思应该是“慷慨的”，故选B。2．Tokeeptherelationship,wheredoBFFsspendmostmoney?A．Buyingbirthdaypresents.B．Cheeringupafriendinlowspirits.C．Payingforholidaygiftsandothertreats.D．Goingaparticulardistancetovisitfriends.答案：D细节理解题。根据第二段中的“blowing￡4,679onbirthdaypresents”“spend￡168onpick－me－ups(提神物品)”以及第三段中的“￡242spentonpresents...fromgiftsboughtonholidaytotreats...”“spendawhopping(巨