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-1-SectionⅡGrammar——虚拟语气(Ⅰ)课前自主预习[例句·体验]1．Ellenisafantasticdancer.IwishIdancedaswellasher.Ellen是一个极出色的舞者。我希望我能够跳得和她一样好。2．Withouthiswartimeexperiences,Hemingwaywouldn'thavewrittenhisfamousnovelAFarewelltoArms.如果没有战争时的经历，海明威就不会完成他的著名小说《永别了，武器》。3．Hadhecaughtthemorningtrain,hewouldnothavebeenlateforthemeeting.要是他赶上了早晨的火车，那他就不会开会迟到了。4．IfMrDeweyhadbeenpresent,hewouldhaveofferedanypossibleassistancetothepeoplethere.如果Dewey先生当时在场的话，他会为那里的人们提供任何可能的帮助。5．Weretherenomoderntelecommunications,wewouldhavetowaitforweekstogetnewsfromaroundtheworld.要是没有现代化的通讯工具，我们要等上几周才能获取世界各地的新闻。6．IfIhadknownyourtelephonenumberyesterday,Iwouldhavetelephonedyou.要是我知道你的电话号码，我昨天就给你打电话了。7．Ifyouhadpreparedinadvance,youwouldn'tbeinsuchawkwardpositionnow.如果你事先做好准备，现在就不至于那么被动了。8．Shewasn'tfeelingwell.Otherwiseshewouldn'thaveleftthemeetingsoearly.她感觉不舒服，要不然她不会那么早离开会议的。9．HowcanIclimbupthatwall!IwishIwereabird.我怎么能爬上那么高的墙呀！我真希望我是一只小鸟呀。10．HespokeEnglishasifhehadstudieditinEnglandbefore.他英语说得就像他以前在英国学过一样。课堂合作探究[语法·讲座]-2-一、语气的定义和种类1．语气(mood)语气是动词的一种形式，表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。2．语气的种类(1)陈述语气：表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。例如：Everyquestionhastwosides.每个问题都有两个方面。(陈述句，表示确定的事情。)(2)祈使语气：表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。例如：Neverbelateagain！再也不要迟到了！(祈使句)(3)虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。例如：IfIwereabird,Icouldflyintheair.如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。(与现在事实相反的虚拟语气)二、虚拟条件句中的虚拟语气-3-IfIwereyou,Ishouldaccepttheinvitation.如果我是你，我会接受邀请的。Ifhehadseenyouyesterday,hewouldhavereturnedyourbook.如果他昨天见到了你，他就会还给你书了。Ifitshouldrain/weretorain/rainedtomorrow,thesportsmeetingwouldbeputoff.万一明天下雨，运动会就推迟。(事实上明天下雨的可能性不大)三、虚拟语气的几种特殊用法1．省掉if的条件从句结构：若条件句把if省略，则需要把were,had,should放在主语前，形成部分倒装结构。例如：Hadyoutakenmyadvice,youwouldn'thavefailedintheexamination.＝Ifyouhadtakenmyadvice,youwouldn'thavefailedintheexamination.如果你听了我的建议，你就不会考试不及格了。2．含蓄条件句：有时虚拟条件不用条件从句而用不定式、分词、介词或上下文暗示(常用without,butfor,otherwise,or等表达)等，此时句子的时态要依具体情况而定。例如：Butforyourhelp(＝Ifithadnotbeenforyourhelp),itwouldhavecausedaseriousloss.要不是你的帮助，那将会导致巨大的损失。Atruefriendwouldnotdosuchathing.-4-＝Ifhewereatruefriend,hewouldnotdosuchathing.一个真正的朋友是不会做这样的事的。3．有时条件从句中的动作和结果从句中的动作发生的时间不一致，此时，主句和从句的谓语动词要根据各自所指的不同时间选择适当的动词形式。例如：Ifyouhadworkedhard,youwouldbeverytirednow.如果你真的努力工作了，你现在就会感到很累的。(从句指过去，主句指现在)IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavegonehome.如果我是你的话，我早回家了。(从句指现在，主句指过去)四、wish引导的宾语从句中的虚拟语气要表示与现在事实相反的愿望，从句谓语用一般过去时或过去进行时；表示与过去相反的愿望，从句谓语用过去完成时；表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望，用would/could＋动词原形。例如：Iwishshewerehereandhelpedus.我希望她在这儿帮助我们。(对现在时的虚拟)Iwishyouwouldgowithustomorrow.我希望你明天跟我们一块去。(对将来时的虚拟)Iwishshehadtakenmyadvice.那时她要是听我的话就好了。(对过去时的虚拟)五、表语从句和状语从句中的虚拟语气在asif/though引导的表语从句或状语从句中，如果从句表示的动作发生在过去，用过去完成时；如果指现在状况，则用一般过去时；如果指将来状况．则用过去将来时。ShespeaksEnglishasif/thoughshewereanativeofLondon.她英语说得好像她就是伦敦本地人一样。[课堂·总结演练]Ⅰ单句语法填空1．Ifyou________(listen)tomeyesterday,youwouldn'tbeinsuchtroublenow.答案：hadlistened2．IfI________(be)you,Iwouldhaveplantedsometreesaroundthehouse.答案：were3．SometimesIwishI________(live)inadifferenttime.答案：lived4．IwishI________(meet)thatfilmstaryesterday.答案：hadmet5．Shelooksasifshe________(make)ofice.-5-答案：weremadeⅡ单句写作1．假如她有钱，她可能会借给你。Ifshe________money,she____________yousome.答案：had;mightlend2．要是有一天我上了月球，就能亲眼看看月亮表面是什么样子了。IfI____________tothemoonsomeday,I____________thesurfaceofthemoonwithmyowneyes.答案：weretogo;couldsee3．要不是几次中断，会议半个小时前就开完了。____________theseinterruptions,themeeting______________halfanhourago.答案：Butfor;wouldhavefinished4．如果明天下雨，运动会就会推迟。________itraintomorrow,thesportsmeet________________.答案：Should;wouldbeputoff5．他谈起来好像已经知道此事。Hetalked______________it.答案：asif/thoughhehadknown演练通关提升[夯实·基础知识]Ⅰ单句语法填空1．Theywereabroadduringthemonthswhenwewerecarryingouttheinvestigation,orthey________(come)toourhelp.答案：wouldhavecome2．—Didyoumakeitatlast?—Yes.Butforyourhelp,it________(cause)aseriousloss.答案：wouldhavecaused3．—Let'splaytennistogethertomorrowafternoon.—OK,buthowIwishI________(play)itaswellasyou.答案：played4．Withouttheairtoholdsomeofthesun'sheat,theearthatnight________(freeze)coldforustolive.答案：would/could/should/mightbefreezing5．________youbefired,yourhealthcareandotherbenefitswillnotbe-6-immediatelycutoff.答案：Should6．—Wherehaveyoubeen?—Igotcaughtintraffic;otherwiseI________(be)heresooner.答案：would/could/should/mighthavebeen7．You________(notmake)suchaseriousmistakeifyouhadfollowedhisadvice.答案：mightn't/couldn't/shouldn't/wouldn'thavemade8．Whatshouldwedoifit________(snow)tomorrow?答案：shouldsnow/weretosnow/snowed9．Shouldthepresentunemploymentcontinue,thesociety________(face)amoretroublesomesituation.答案：would/could/might/shouldface10．Iftheyhadworkedhard,they________(be)verytirednow.答案：would/could/might/shouldbeⅡ单句改错1．Thesoupisn'tverygood.Itwilltastebetterifitweren'tsosalty.__________________________________________________________答案：will→would2．Ifhereadthebook,hecouldhaveansweredthequestion.__________________________________________________________答案：read前加had3．Ifheweresetouttomorrow,hewouldgetthereonSunday.__________________________________________________________答案：were后加to4．Withoutyourhelp,thechildwouldn'tputupthepictureonthewalljustnow.________________________________________________