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-1-SectionⅡStartingout&Understandingideas1．greetv．问候，迎接，招呼→greetern．(餐馆、商店等处的)门迎，迎宾→greetingn．问候，招呼；祝贺2．stairn．楼梯→upstairsadv.在(或向)楼上adj.楼上的→downstairsadv.在(或向)楼下adj.楼下的3．loadn．某物的量v．装载→unloadv．卸载→downloadv．下载→overloadv．超载4．foldv．折起→unfoldv．展开→foldingadj.可折叠5．sculptv．雕刻，雕塑→sculptorn．→雕刻家，雕塑家→sculpturen．雕刻品，雕塑品6．exhibitv．展览→exhibitorn．参展商→exhibitionn．展出，展览1．comeup走近；上来；发芽；发生；被提出；(太阳、月亮等)升起写出下列句中comeup的含义①(2015·湖北卷)AgentlemanattheofficecameupandpattedJason'sshoulderfondly.“You'rejusttheboyIamlookingfor.”走近②Assoonastheprojectcameupatthemeeting，itattractedmanypeople'sattention.被提出③Whenthemooncameup，theyoungpeoplebegantheircelebration.(太阳、月亮)升起④Iplantedsomeseedsintheyard.Buttheyfailedtocomeup.发芽⑤—Alvin，areyoucomingwithus?—I'dloveto，butsomethingunexpectedhascomeup.发生2．lookinto调查；考察；往里看①WhenIlookintohiseyes，itseemsalltheproblemsintheworldgoaway.往里看②Finallythepoliceagreedtolookintotheaccident.调查③HehadoncelookedintobuyinghisownislandoffNovaScotia.考察WordsAndPhrases-2-知识要点1loadn．某物的量vt.装；装载(教材P38)Now,atthetopofthesestonestairs...getaloadofthat!现在，在这些石阶的顶端……仔细看看那个东西吧！[例1]Knowingthattheyhadarrivedsafelytookaloadoffmymind.得知他们平安到达后我如释重负。[例2]Thetruckwascarryingaloadofbananas.这辆卡车装着一车香蕉。[造句]我们把香蕉装上了卡车。Weloadedthetruckwithbananas.[知识拓展]getaloadof注意；仔细看load...with...用……装载……beloadedwith...装载着；充满着[即学即练]单句语法填空①Asmallboatloaded(load)withlaughterslowlydrewnearandstoppedbesidethebridge.②Always，thetableisloaded(load)withdeliciousfoodofmanydifferentkinds.[小片段填空]AdriverwasdrivingalorryloadofbananasonthewaytoGuangzhou，wherethebananaswouldbeunloaded．Thelorrywasloadedwithnotonlybananasbutalsohisfamily'sconcern.Gotaloadofthedriver.Hewasamiddleagedmanover60yearsold.Evensoheloadedthelorryallbyhimself.一位司机正驾驶着一辆载满香蕉的货车行驶在开往广州的路上，香蕉将在那里卸货。货车不仅装载着香蕉，还有家人的担心。仔细看一下司机，他是一位六十多岁的中年人。即使如此全车的货都是他一个人装的。知识要点2imaginevt.想象；设想(教材P38)Herheadandarmsaremissing，butyoucanimagineherholdingherarmsuphigh，celebratingtheresultofanancientbattle.她缺头少胳膊，但你可以想象得出她高举着双臂，在庆祝一场古代战争的胜利。[例1]ItisdifficulttoimagineacolderplacethanAntarctic.很难想象地球上还有比南极洲更冷的地方。[例2]IwassurprisedtoseethehousewhichIhadimaginedtobemuchbigger.我看见房子时大为惊讶——我原来想象它会大得多。[造句]我们无法想象没有水的生活。-3-Wecan'timaginelifewithoutwater.[知识拓展]imagine＋sth.想象某事sb./one'sdoingsth.想象某人做某事that/whclause宾语＋（to＋be）＋adj./as＋n./prep.[即学即练]单句语法填空①Theyoungladycouldn'timagineher(she)marriagetoamanofthatsort.②IcanimagineSarahrunning(run)herownbusiness.知识要点3bemadeof...由……制成(教材P38)Ireallycan'tbelievesheismadeofstone.我真不敢相信她是石头做的。[例1]Althoughtheringisnotmadeofrealdiamonds，itsshapeanddesignstillappealtomanyyounggirls.尽管这个戒指不是用真的钻石做成的，但是它的形状和设计依然吸引了许多年轻的女孩。[例2]Don'thandlethevaseasifitweremadeofsteel.别拿着那个花瓶就跟它是钢制的一样。[造句]这张课桌是用木头做的，很容易搬动。Thedeskismadeofwoodandisveryeasytocarry.[知识拓展]bemadefrom...由……制成bemadeupof由……组成bemadeinto...把……制成……[即学即练]单句语法填空①Therestofplantsaremade(make)upofweedsandbushes.②Asweallknow，mostofthepaperismadefromwood.[小片段填空]Foundedin1995，theSeaFoodgroupwasmadeupoffourcompaniesfromNorway，Russia，UkraineandChina.Itmainlysellsfoodwhichismadeofseafishandotherproductsthataremadeofwhattheygetfromthesea.Theirstorieshavebeenmadeintotelevisionseries.这家海洋食品集团始建于1995年，由来自挪威、俄罗斯、乌克兰以及中国的四家公司组成。该公司主要销售海鱼做成的食物，以及其他他们从海中获取的东西制成的产品。他们的故事已经被制成电视系列片。-4-知识要点4alot修饰比较级(教材P39)Thepaintingisalotsmallerthanyouwouldexpect....这幅画比你想象的要小得多……[例1]Mattersarealotbetterthaneverbefore.情况远远比以往好。[例2]Theroomisalotlargerthanthatone.这个房间比那个房间大得多。[造句]他学习比我努力的多，为我树立了一个好榜样。Heworksalotharderthanmeandsetagoodexampleforme.[知识拓展]修饰形容词、副词比较级的常用修饰词有：no，alittle，abit，much，even，still，alot，agreatdeal，far，byfar，rather，any等。(1)只用于修饰比较级的：much；still；even(2)既可以修饰比较级又可以修饰原级的：alittle；abit；rather等。(3)even修饰形容词、副词的比较级，以加强比较的语气和程度；通常用much，even，still等表示前者比后者强很多时；通常用far，byfar，alot，agreatdeal等表示前者在某方面远远地超过后者时；在否定句、疑问句或条件状语从句中，修饰形容词、副词的比较级，只能用any来修饰。[即学即练]单句语法填空①Ifyoucanjumpanyhigher(high)，Iwillgiveyouaprize.②Ifeelmuchbetter(good)aftertakingthemedicine.知识要点5laughatsb.嘲笑某人(教材P39)Onemomentsheseemstobelaughingatme，butthenagainIcatchasenseofsadnessinhersmile.一会儿她似乎在嘲笑我，但一会儿我又从她的微笑中感到一丝悲伤。[例1]Itisbadmannerstolaughatpeoplewithdisabilities.嘲笑身体有残疾的人是不礼貌的行为。[例2]Don'tjustlaughatmeandtrytoputyourselfinmyshoes.不要只是嘲笑我，试着站在我的立场想想。[造句]只要觉得好笑就尽管笑。Donothesitatetolaughatanythingyoufindamusing.[知识拓展]laughtern．笑声；笑laughout笑出声来-5-makefunof取笑[即学即练]单句语法填空①Ithoughttheylaughed(laugh)atmebecauseIwaswearingaspecialuniform.②Noonelikesbeinglaughed(laugh)atbyotherpeople.知识要点6payfor...为……付钱；因……受罚[痛苦](教材P39)Orwasitsimplycheapertopainthimselfthantopayforamodel?还是说仅仅就是画自己比花钱请模特要便宜？[例1]Ihavehadtopayforrepairstothehouse.我不得不支付房屋维修费用。[例2]Let'sgotoseethemovieafterworkandI'llpayforthetickets.下班后去看电影，我请客。[造句]我们现在不得不为过去的懒惰受罚。Wearehavingtopayforthelazinessofpast.[知识拓展]paysb.(money)forsth.为……付给某人钱pay(sb.)backsth.偿还payoff还清(债务)；达到目的，带来好结果[即学即练]单句语法填空①Howmuchrentdoyoupayforsuchawellfurnishedplace?②Heryearsofhardworkisstartingtopay(pay)offatlast.[小片段填空]LinHuiisahardworkinggirl.HerparentsareplanningtopayforhertogotoCanadaforfurthereducation.TheythinktheiryearsofeducationbeginstopayoffandbelieveLinHuiwillpaythembackwithgrea