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-1-SectionⅡGrammar——虚拟语气(Ⅱ)课前自主预习[例句·体验]1．Ifthenewsafetysystemhadbeenputtouse,theaccidentwouldn'thavehappened.要是新的安全系统被投入使用的话，这起事故就不会发生了。2．Wewouldratherourdaughterstayedathomewithus,butitisherchoice,andsheisnotachildanylonger.我们希望女儿待在家里和我们在一起，但这是她的选择，她不再是个孩子了。3．ItwasJohnwhobrokethewindow.WhyareyoutalkingtomeasifIhaddoneit?John打坏了窗户，为什么跟“我”谈话？好像是“我”打坏了窗户似的。4．Mymomsuggeststhatweshouldeatoutforachangethisweekend.妈妈建议我们这周末换换口味出去吃饭。5．Eyedoctorsrecommendthatachild'sfirsteyeexam(should)beattheageofsixmonthsold.眼科医生建议，孩子的第一次眼睛检查应该在6个月大时进行。6．Isuggestedthatwe(should)sendhimtohospital.我建议，我们应该把他送往医院。7．Itisnecessarythatwe(should)masteraforeignlanguageinordertosucceedinbusiness.为了在商业中成功，我们有必要掌握一门外语。8．Itishightimethatshewent/shouldgotobed.该是她上床睡觉的时候了。9．Theywouldratherthatwewenttherewiththemtomorrow.他们更愿意明天我们和他们一起去那里。10．IfonlyIhadbeengiventhataward!要是我得了那个大奖多好啊！课堂合作探究-2-[语法·讲座]一、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法1．在名词性从句中，常用来表示命令、建议、要求、愿望等的词后宾语从句和同位语从句中用虚拟语气，形式为：(should＋)动词原形。常用的动词有：advise劝告，demand要求，desire渴望，command命令，insist坚持，prefer宁愿，urge主张，order命令，recommend推荐，request要求，require需要，suggest建议，以及这些词的名词形式。常见的句子结构如下：(1)suggest/advise/recommend/demand/require/insist/urge/request/order/desire/ask/propose等＋that...(should＋)动词原形(2)Itissuggested/advised/recommended/demanded/required/ordered/proposed等＋that...(should＋)动词原形助记：一坚持二命令三建议四要求一坚持：insist；二命令：order,command(名词是order,command)；三建议：advise,suggest,propose(名词是advice,suggestion,proposal)；四要求：demand,require,request,desire(名词是demand，requirement,request,desire)注意：①suggest意为“表明，暗示”时，不用虚拟语气。Hisfacesuggestedthathewasverysad.他的表情表明了他非常伤心。②insist作“坚决要求”讲时，用虚拟语气；作“坚持说，坚持认为”讲时，用陈述语气。Themaninsistedmylittlebrotherwasathief.-3-那个男人坚持认为我弟弟是小偷。2．Itis(was)＋necessary/apity等＋that引导的从句须用虚拟语气，其句子结构如下：Itis(was)＋important/natural/necessary/advisable/essential/strange,etc.＋that...(should＋)动词原形Itisimportantthatwe(should)haveagoodknowledgeofcomputer.我们应该掌握好电脑知识，这是很重要的。Itisapitythatyou(should)beabsentfromthemeeting.你居然没参加会议，真是可惜。3．wouldrather/prefer＋that从句(从句用虚拟语气)表示愿望与现在或将来事实相反从句用一般过去时表示愿望与过去事实相反从句用过去完成时Iwouldratheryouwerenotherewithmenow.我宁可你现在不在我身边。(从句是对现在时态的虚拟)Iwouldratheryouhadn'tdonethat.我宁可你没做过那件事。(从句是对过去时态的虚拟)二、定语从句中的虚拟语气在句型“Itis(high/about)time...”后面也可跟虚拟语气，从句中常用过去时。有时也用“should＋动词原形”，意为“该是……的时候了”。Itistime(that)wewenthome.＝It'stimethatweshouldgohome.＝It'stimeforustogohome.我们该回家了。名师点津注意对比：It/Thisisthefirst/second/...timethat＋主语＋has/havedone...“这是某人第几次做某事了”(不是虚拟)。ItisthesecondtimethatIhavevisitedBeijing.这是我第二次来北京游玩。三、ifonly引导的感叹句中的虚拟语气在“ifonly”引导的感叹句中，要求用虚拟语气，表示愿望。表示愿望与现在或将来事实相反从句用一般过去时表示愿望与过去事实相反从句用过去完成时IfonlyIhadnotbeenilllastweek!-4-要是上周我没病该多好啊！(对过去时态的虚拟)Ifonlyyoutoldmethenewsnow!要是你现在告诉我那个消息就好了！(对现在时态的虚拟)四、目的状语从句中的虚拟语气1．sothat/inorderthat＋从句(从句用can/could/may/might＋动词原形)Wegotupearlyinorderthatwecouldcatchthefirstbus.为了能赶上第一班车我们起得很早。2．forfearthat/incasethat/lestthat＋从句(从句用should＋动词原形)以防万一发生……Wegotupearlyforfearthat/lestthatweshouldmisstheearlybus.我们早起以防万一错过早班车。五、几种特殊用法1．某些简单句的固定句型(表示祝愿、祝福的表达中用动词原形表达)Heavenhelpyou!老天爷会帮助你！(祝愿)Mayyousucceed!祝你成功！(祝愿，倒装形式)LonglivethePeople'sRepublicofChina!中华人民共和国万岁！(祝愿，倒装形式)2．某些固定的词组和句型：was/weresupposedtohavedone理应做……；本应该做was/weretohavedone本计划做……hadthought/believed...,but...本以为……hadplanned/intended...,but...本计划……，本打算……hadwished/hoped...,but...本希望……Thelittlegirlhadmeanttotellhermotheraboutit,buthermotherwasaway.这位小女孩本打算告诉她母亲这件事的，但是她母亲不在。(对过去的虚拟)[课堂·总结演练]Ⅰ单句语法填空1．Itishightimethatwe________(stop)cuttingdownthetrees.答案：stopped/shouldstop2．IwouldratherI________(notcome)hereyesterday.答案：hadn'tcome3．Heinsistedthatshe________(be)seriouslyillandthatshe________(send)-5-tohospitalatonce.答案：was;(should)besent4．It'snecessarythatwe________(study)hard.答案：(should)study5．IfonlyI________(see)thefilm!答案：hadseenⅡ单句写作1．你应该遵从医嘱，这很重要。Itisimportantthatyou____________________.答案：(should)followthedoctor'sorders2．我倒希望我们今晚不去看电影。I'dratherwe________________thisevening.答案：didn'tgotoseeafilm3．祝你周末愉快！Mayyou____________________！答案：haveagoodweekend4．她通红的脸表明她对你的行为很生气，因此我建议你现在不要打扰她。Herredfacesuggestedthatshe______________yourdeed,soIsuggestedthatyou____________________.答案：wasangryat;(should)notbotherhernow5．上尉命令他的军队立刻向敌军宣战。Thecaptaingavetheorderthathistroops________________________atonce.答案：(should)declarewarontheenemy演练通关提升[夯实·基础知识]Ⅰ单句语法填空1．Welostourwayinthatsmallvillage,otherwisewe________(visit)moreplacesofinterestyesterday.答案：could/might/should/wouldhavevisited2．Hadtheyknownwhatwascomingnext,they________(have)secondthoughts.答案：would/could/should/mighthavehad3．—Wouldyouhavetoldhimtheanswerhaditbeenpossible?—Iwouldhave,butI________(be)busythen.答案：was-6-4．Itisquitenaturalthatmycominglateagain________(make)themveryangry.答案：(should)make5．Heactedasifhe________(know)everythingintheworld.答案：knew6．It'shightimewe________(stop)cuttingdowntherainforests.答案：shouldstop/stopped7．IfonlyI________(listen)tothelecture!答案：hadlistened8．He________(give)youmorehelp,eventhoughhewasverybusy.答案：should/mighthavegiven9．Iamsorrythathe________(be)insuchpoorhealth.答案：shouldbe10．Iwasillthatday,otherwiseI________(take)partinthesportsmeeting.答案：could/s