2020高考英语大二轮复习 冲刺经典专题 语法部分 专题三 基础点课时 第5讲 介词教学案

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-1-第5讲介词高考对介词的考查主要是介词的基本用法及含介词的固定搭配。语法填空中对介词的考查不给提示词,因此对考生正确理解句意和语法基本功有较高的要求。短文改错对介词的考查主要涉及介词的多余、缺失与错用,其中固定搭配中介词的错用为重点。因此,考生应在掌握介词基本用法的同时,还应注意积累总结,尤其是固定搭配一定要平时多记忆。考点感悟语法填空语法填空中对介词的考查主要为介词的基本用法和固定搭配。感1.(2019·北京高考)Firstcelebrated________1970,theDaynowincludeseventsinmorethan190countriesandregions(地区).答案:in在1970年,应用介词in。在年、月和季节前,用介词in。2.(2019·安徽高三联考)Thesemightrange,forexample,fromplayingtabletennis________goingmountain­biking.答案:tofrom...to意为“从……到……”,为固定搭配。故填to。3.(2019·浙江高考)Theanswer________thisquestionisnotclear.答案:totheanswerto...“……的答案”。悟1.学会判断是否该填介词①如果空格后为名词、代词或动名词,且它们在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语,则其前可能填介词;②如果空格处能与空格前的动词或形容词构成固定搭配,且空格后的成分又作宾语,则空格处填介词。2.掌握介词的基本用法参考“考点素能一”3.熟知介词的固定搭配一般介词与名词、动词、形容词的搭配为高考重点(参考“考点素能二”)短文改错短文改错中主要考查介词的基本用法和固定搭配。感1.(2019·沈阳东北育才高三联考)Donotrefusetolearnaskillwhenyoung,asatthelongrunyouwillfindthemhelpful._____________________答案:at→in短语inthelongrun“从长远来看”。2.(2019·成都龙泉二中高三模拟)I'dliketoplaythedogwhilemygrandpawastakingcareofhisfruittrees._____________________答案:play后加withplaywith“同……一起玩”,是固定短语,所以play后加with。3.(2019·安徽高三联考)Therewasaproblem.WhenIaskedaboutfish,inmy-2-terribleFrench,theassistantthoughtIwantedchickens._____________________答案:about→for句意:当我用蹩脚的法语要鱼时,店员以为我要的是鸡。根据句意可知,作者用法语点餐,想要吃鱼,askforsth.“请求/要求……”,故将about改为for。4.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Myunclesaysthatheneverdreamsbecomingrichinashortperiodoftime._____________________答案:dreams后加ofdreamofdoingsth.“梦想做某事”,为固定搭配。悟短文改错中看到介词要注意以下三点1.看与动词、名词或形容词搭配是否正确。2.留意特殊词或固定搭配如answer/key/solution/attitude/approach等词常与介词to连用。3.切莫受汉语影响如,“在……帮助下”英文表达为withthehelpof...,而不是underthehelpof...。考点素能一几组常见的介词用法辨析1.at,in,on表示时间(1)at表示某一时刻at8:00(在8点),atnoon(在中午),atnight(在夜里),atmidnight(在半夜),atdawn/daybreak(在黎明,破晓),atsunrise/sunset(在日出/日落),atdusk(在黄昏)(2)in指上午、下午及晚上或月、年等较长的时间inthe1980's/1980s,intheQingDynasty,inOctober,inthemorning/afternoon/evening(3)on用于表示具体的日期前(如:某日、某节日、星期几等)OnOctober1st,onarainyday,onNationalDay,onthemorningofJuly3rd2.by,before,after,until/till,during,within表示时间(1)by指“到……时(为止)”(2)before“在……以前”(3)after“在……以后”(4)until/till指“直到……为止”(5)during“在……期间”(6)within“在……之内”-3-3.between,among表示“在……之间”between指“在……之间(两者之间)”,常和and连用;among表示“在……之间(三者或三者以上)”。Keepthecloserelationshipbetweenteachersandstudents.保持亲密的师生关系。4.by,in,on,with表示“使用……工具、手段、方式等”(1)表示“乘、坐(交通工具)”或“通过……方式”用by时,交通工具前不用限定词,用in或on时,交通工具前用限定词,如bybike,bytaxi,byplane,byship,inacar,inabus,onone'sbike(2)in当“用”讲时,后常接表示语言、材料等的词HerparentsalwaystalktoherinGerman.她的父母总是用德语和她交谈。(3)with表示使用某种具体的工具、手段等Weseewithoureyes,hearwithourears,andwalkwithourlegs.我们用眼睛看,用耳朵听,用腿走路。5.with的常见用法(表示关系)和……一起;(表示状态)具有,带有;(表示方式)用……,凭借……;(表示原因)由于,因为。Wouldyouliketogotothetheatrewithus?你愿意和我们一起去看戏吗?Thesmallchildtrembledwithfear.那个小孩吓得打哆嗦。6.for的用法“(表示对象、用途等)为了;给,对;(表示去向)因为,由于;向,往;就……而言”。Thebiggestconcernformostofusisthequalityofpubliceducation.我们大多数人最关心的是大众教育的质量问题。7.beyond的用法(表示位置)在……另一边,在……更远处;(表示程度)超出,非……所能及。Everybodywastouchedbeyondwordsaftertheyheardhermovingstory.听了她感人的故事,大家都被感动得无以言表。二介词常见的搭配1.名词与介词搭配byaccident/chance偶然,碰巧onboard在(船、飞机、火车)上-4-onaverage平均incharge掌管,主管inplace适当的,恰当的infavo(u)rof赞成,支持infavourof为了纪念,对……表示敬意inspiteof尽管,虽然inturn依次,转而invain徒劳inmemoryof为纪念……inreturn作为回报inorder按顺序,处于良好状态2.动词与介词搭配bringabout引起remindsb.ofsth.提醒某人某事robsb.ofsth.抢劫某人某物callfor要求,需要careabout关心getridof免除,摆脱runoutof用完adaptto适应referto涉及,查阅comeacross(偶然)遇见pickup捡起,用车接(某人),接收,偶然习得lookfor寻找waitfor等待3.形容词与介词搭配becuriousabout对……好奇beproudof因……而自豪bepopularwith受到……的欢迎beanxiousabout为……忧虑beconcernedabout对……担心、忧虑bepresentat出席beabsentfrom缺席befreefrom免于-5-过关检测(限时:30分钟)Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.Eventhoughoureyesareclosed,theymoverapidlyfromside________side.答案:to2.________thecontrary,welaughandtalkduringameal.答案:On3.OnethingwhichreallyupsetGeorgewasthatacustomercomplained________thefoodandsentitbacktothekitchentobedoneover.答案:about/of4.Ifwecanchangeourattitude________thingsintheworld,wecancertainlyadjustouremotions.答案:to/towards5.Thevillagerscollectedmoneytosetupamonument________memoryofthosewhodiedinthegreatearthquake.答案:in6.Mybrotherlikeseatingverymuchbutheisn'tveryparticular________thefoodheeats.答案:about7.Thelittlepupiltookhisgrandma________thearmandwalkedheracrossthestreet.答案:by8.It'sobviousthatthenewmanagerisrich________experience.答案:inⅡ.单句改错1.InthemorningoflastSaturday,wewenttovisitabigfactoryinourtown._____________________答案:In→On2.Wemustpayattentiontothewayourbodymakesusethefood._____________________答案:use后加of3.Shefixedalltheradiosbesidesthesmallestone,becausetherewerenopartsforit._____________________答案:besides→except-6-4.Withanoldmanleadingtheway,thescientistswalkedacrossthethickforest._____________________答案:across→through5.Atenteringtheclassroom,Iheardthegoodnews._____________________答案:At→On/Upon6.SittinginfrontofTValldaydoesharmforoureyesandwastesourtime._____________________答案:for→to7.Theyareusuallycuriouswhentheyfirstarriveaforeigncountry._____________________答案:arrive后加in8.Theytalkedaboutwhattheyhaddonesincetheygraduatedauniversity._____________________答案:graduated后加from9.Moreandmorehigh-risebuildingshavebeenbuiltinbigcitiesinlackofspace._____________________答案:第二个in→for10.Theiceisto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