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1题型二短文改错一、动词形式动词形式的错误设置一般包括以下三个方面：1．动词的时态和语态错误。2．主、谓不一致的错误。3．非谓语动词的误用。[典例1]Onewasthat...AndtheotheristhatIwantedtohelppeopleinneed.(2019·全国Ⅱ)[is→was考查动词的时态。整篇文章使用的都是一般过去时，且上文中的“Onewasthat...”用的也是一般过去时，所以最后一句话时态应为一般过去时。这里讲述当时做决定时的原因。故将is改为was。][典例2]Nowmydreamistoopensacafe.Thoughitmayappearsimple，itrequiredalotofideasandefforts.(2019·全国Ⅲ)[opens→open不定式作表语，to后用动词原形。故把opens改为open。required→requires后一句考查动词的时态。短文的主体时态是一般现在时。故把required改为requires。][典例3]Ibecameinterestinginplayingfootballthankstoasmallaccident.(2019·全国Ⅰ)[interesting→interested考查形容词。短语becomeinterestedin意为“变得对……感兴趣”。interesting有趣的，吸引人的，通常描述事物；interested感兴趣的，通常描述人的感受。本句主语是人，故把interesting改为interested。][典例4]IfIsucceedinmanageone，Iwillopenmore.(2019·全国Ⅲ)[manage→managing考查非谓词动词。succeedindoingsth.成功做某事。]名师点津：考生应认真分析动词的时态和语态是否正确，是否应用非谓语动词形式。尤其要根据上下文所提供的时间信息包括明信息：时间状语；暗信息：上下文语境仔细推敲，从而确定正确的动词时态。同时还需要考虑动词的及物与不及物以及主谓一致与虚拟语气。二、名词的数名词单复数的错误设置一般包括以下三个方面：1．可数名词单复数的错用：一般考查错把复数用作单数，有时也考查错把单数用作复数。2．不可数名词单复数的错用：不可数名词没有复数形式。3．可数名词与不可数名词混淆：有些词既可用作可数名词也可用作不可数名词，应注意具体2语境。解题时要理清可数与不可数名词之间的区别与联系；记清一些用于固定词组中名词的特殊用法。[典例5]Allthefootballplayerontheplaygroundcheeredloudly，sayingthatIhadatalentforfootball.(2019·全国Ⅰ)[player→players“player(运动员)”为可数名词，所以all(所有的)后需要用player的复数形式。故将player改为players。][典例6]SinceIwasakid，I’veconsidereddifferentjobIwouldliketodo.(2019·全国Ⅱ)[job→jobs“job(工作；职业)”为可数名词，用different(不同的)修饰时意思为不同种类的工作，应该用名词的复数形式。故将job改为jobs。][典例7]Iwishtohaveachainofcafesinmanydifferentcity.(2019·全国Ⅲ)[city→citiesmanydifferent后跟可数名词的复数形式。故把city改为cities。]三、注意形和副形容词和副词的错误设置一般包括以下两个方面：1．形容词和副词的误用。2．原级、比较级和最高级的误用。[典例8]Istoppedtheballandkickedithardlybacktotheplayground.(2019·全国Ⅰ)[hardly→hard“hard(用力地)”与“hardly(几乎不)”都为副词，但是词义不同。此处表示“我用力把球踢回操场”，故将hardly改为hard。][典例9]First，Iwantedtobeafireman，whoseuniformlookedsocoolly.(2019·全国Ⅱ)[coolly→cool句中的look为系动词，系动词后需用形容词作表语。故将coolly改为cool。][典例10]OnewasthatIwasamazingatthefactthatasickpersoncouldfeelmuchbetterafterseeingadoctor.(2019·全国Ⅱ)[amazing→amazedamazed吃惊的，惊讶的；amazing令人吃惊的，令人惊讶的。v.ed形容词说明人的感受，意为“感到……的”；v.ing形容词描述人或事物本身具有的特征，意为“令人……的”，此处说明主语I的感受，故用v.ed形式的形容词。][典例11]WhatIwantisnotjustanordinarilycafebutaveryspecialone.(2019·全国Ⅲ)[ordinarily→ordinary修饰名词cafe应用形容词。故把ordinarily改为ordinary。]四、代词的格与数代词的错误设置一般包括以下两个方面：1．人称代词、物主代词、反身代词等。2．不定代词的误用及混用。[典例12]Inthecafe，3customerswillenjoyyourselvesinthehistoricalenvironmentthatiscreatedforthem.(2019·全国Ⅲ)[yourselves→themselves此处指代主语customers，故把yourselves改为themselves。]五、介词短语须关注介词的错误设置主要考查介词短语和习惯用法的搭配。[典例13]Iwantmycafetohaveaspecialthemesuchaslike“TangDynasty”．(2019·全国Ⅲ)[删除likesuchas和like都表示“例如”，句意重复。故把like删除。]六、连词、从句常光顾1．连词but，and，or，because，so的用法错误考生应认真分析句子结构，如果是并列句或复合句，要特别注意前后分句或主从句的关系，确保在意义和结构上通顺流畅。[典例14]Suddenlyafootballfelljustinfrontofmebutalmosthitme.(2019·全国Ⅰ)[but→and“足球落下来”与“打到我”两个动作是顺承关系，不是转折关系。故将but改为and。][典例15]WhenIstudiedchemistryinhighschool，Ireconsideredmygoalordecidedtobeadoctor.(2019·全国Ⅱ)[or→andreconsideredmygoal和decidedtobeadoctor之间为顺承关系，并非选择关系，故将or改为and。]2．各大从句细揣摩[典例16]OneafternoonwhereIwasinprimaryschool，Iwaswalkingbytheschoolplayground.(2019·全国Ⅰ)[where→when本句含有一个定语从句，先行词为Oneafternoon，且引导词在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when。故把where改为when。]1(2019·河北唐山冲刺三)Philwasatravelingsalesmanandheenjoyeddrinkalcoholverymuch.Oneday，hewenttoastrangetownandspendtheeveninginasmallrestaurant.He’ddrunkquitealotandhadjustcomeoutoftherestaurantashesawanothermeninthemiddleoftheroad.Theothermanhadbeenintherestaurant，either.AndhehaddrunkevenmorethanPhilhad.He’dobviouslyseensomethingstrangelyinth4eskybecauseofhewaspointingup.“Excuseme，”themanaskedPhil，“isthatthesunandthemoon？”Phillookedatitforasecondandthensaid，“I’mafraidIcan’thelphim.I’malsostrangerheremyself.”答案Philwasatravelingsalesmanandheenjoyeddrinkdrinkingalcoholverymuch.Oneday，hewenttoastrangetownandspendspenttheeveninginasmallrestaurant.He’ddrunkquitealotandhadjustcomeoutoftherestaurantaswhenhesawanothermenmaninthemiddleoftheroad.Theothermanhadbeenintherestaurant，eithertoo.AndhehaddrunkevenmorethanPhilhad.He’dobviouslyseensomethingstrangelystrangeintheskybecauseofhewaspointingup.“Excuseme，”themanaskedPhil，“isthatthesunandorthemoon？”Phillookedatitforasecondandthensaid，“I’mafraidIcan’thelphimyou.I’malso∧astrangerheremyself.”2(2019·辽宁实验中学模拟)Ihavelotsofhobbies，likeskating，painting，andsurfingtheInternet，andsoon.Networkisnowwideusedinpeople’slife.Icandosuchthingsasmakingfriends，playinggamesandstudyingonline，thatgreatlyenrichmylife.Networkhaschangedthewayweliveandmakesourlifeeasythanbefore.Skatingisagoodwaytoexerciseandit’sbeneficialtoourhealthy，butIlikepaintingbest.Myparentsencouragemeenjoythepaintingprocessandthebeautyofart.Ifmypaintingtechniqueisnotgood，Ireallydevotemetoit.AndItrulybelieveIwouldabsolutelybethepainterinthefuture.答案Ihavelotsofhobbies，likeskating，painting，andsurfingtheInternet，andsoon.Networkisnowwidewidelyusedinpeople’slife.Icandosuchthingsasmakingfriends，playinggamesandstudyingonline，thatwhichgreatlyenrichmylife.Networkhaschangedthewayweliveandmakesourlifeeasyeasier5thanbefore.Skatingisagoodwaytoexerciseandit’sbeneficialtoourhealthyhealth，butIlikepaintingbest