eaintheaccidentinvestigation,managementandreporting,eachpostshouldbedevelopedunderthissystemspecialistscheck,cleartheexaminations,time,cyclesandotherrelevantregulations.Strengtheningsitesupervisionandexamination,todetectandinvestigateillegalcommand,illegaloperationsandviolationsofoperatingrules.Secondsafetyreferstotheproductionsite,technologymanagement,equipment,facilities,andsooncanleadtoaccidentsrisksexist.1,accordingtotheextentofthesecurityrisks,solvingisdividedintoa,b,andclevelsofdifficulty;A-level:difficult,miningdifficulties,shallbereportedtothecompany'sproblems.B-class:difficulttoresolvedif听范读短文的录音。学生根据拼音自由朗读短文,不会拼读的音节求助同学或老师。听老师读短文,把自己不会认读的字和词听清楚。指名朗读,重点纠正“蓝”“绿”“帆”的读音。齐读短文,进一步熟悉短文。你最喜欢哪一句话?指导学生有感情地朗读。ficulties,shallconsistofminingorganizationstosolveproblems.C-class:fromsegmentsandbusinessrisksthatmustbeaddressedintheDepartment.2,open-pitmineunsafetypesinclude:electrical,transport,blasting,fire,andotherslope.3,accordingtotheseverityofthehazardfilledinbyunittroubleshooting,registrationform(seeatt§5.2运输问题模型1、运输问题模型概述运输问题是一类特殊的线性规划模型,该模型的建立最初用于解决一个部门的运输网络所要求的最经济的运输路线和产品的调配问题,并取得了成功。然而,在实际问题的应用中,除运输问题外,许多非运输问题的实际问题一样可以建立其相应的运输问题模型,并由此而求出其最优解。下面以“产销平衡模型”对运输问题进行一下简单的概括和描述:某产品的生产有m个产地miAi,,2,1,其生产量分别为miai,,2,1,,而该产品的销售有n个销地njBj,,2,1,,其需要量分别为njbj,,2,1,,已知该产品从产地miAi,,2,1到销地njBj,,2,1,的单位运价为njmicij,,2,1;,,2,1,试建立该运输问题的线性规划模型。解:假设从产地miAi,,2,1到销地njBj,,2,1的运输量为ijx,因从产地iA到销地jB的单位运价为njmicij,,2,1;,,2,1,我们可把运输量ijx(njmi,,2,1;,,2,1)汇总于产销平衡表中,而把单位运价njmicij,,2,1;,,2,1汇总于单位运价表中(见下表)。产销平衡表产地销地12……n产量12m11x12x……nx121x22x……nx2…………1a2amaeaintheaccidentinvestigation,managementandreporting,eachpostshouldbedevelopedunderthissystemspecialistscheck,cleartheexaminations,time,cyclesandotherrelevantregulations.Strengtheningsitesupervisionandexamination,todetectandinvestigateillegalcommand,illegaloperationsandviolationsofoperatingrules.Secondsafetyreferstotheproductionsite,technologymanagement,equipment,facilities,andsooncanleadtoaccidentsrisksexist.1,accordingtotheextentofthesecurityrisks,solvingisdividedintoa,b,andclevelsofdifficulty;A-level:difficult,miningdifficulties,shallbereportedtothecompany'sproblems.B-class:difficulttoresolvedif听范读短文的录音。学生根据拼音自由朗读短文,不会拼读的音节求助同学或老师。听老师读短文,把自己不会认读的字和词听清楚。指名朗读,重点纠正“蓝”“绿”“帆”的读音。齐读短文,进一步熟悉短文。你最喜欢哪一句话?指导学生有感情地朗读。ficulties,shallconsistofminingorganizationstosolveproblems.C-class:fromsegmentsandbusinessrisksthatmustbeaddressedintheDepartment.2,open-pitmineunsafetypesinclude:electrical,transport,blasting,fire,andotherslope.3,accordingtotheseverityofthehazardfilledinbyunittroubleshooting,registrationform(seeatt21mx2mxmnx销量1b2b………nb则在该产销平衡表表中,第j列的物理含义为:从各产地miAi,,2,1发往销地j的部分运输量mjjjxxx,,21的和应等于销量jb,第i行的物理含义类同。单位运价表销地产地12……n12m11c12c……nc121c22c……nc2………………1mc2mcmnc由以上的讨论,对产销平衡的情形,我们可给出其运输问题的数学模型如下:minjijijmnmnmmmmxcxcxcxcxcxcz11221112121111minmijijnjbx1,,2,1njiijmiax1,,2,10ijx当然,在实际问题的应用中,常出现产销不平衡的情形,此时,需要把产销不平衡问题转化为产销平衡问题来进行讨论。例当产量miia1大于销量njib1时,只需增加一个虚拟的销地1nj,而该销地的需要量为minjjiba11即可。销eaintheaccidentinvestigation,managementandreporting,eachpostshouldbedevelopedunderthissystemspecialistscheck,cleartheexaminations,time,cyclesandotherrelevantregulations.Strengtheningsitesupervisionandexamination,todetectandinvestigateillegalcommand,illegaloperationsandviolationsofoperatingrules.Secondsafetyreferstotheproductionsite,technologymanagement,equipment,facilities,andsooncanleadtoaccidentsrisksexist.1,accordingtotheextentofthesecurityrisks,solvingisdividedintoa,b,andclevelsofdifficulty;A-level:difficult,miningdifficulties,shallbereportedtothecompany'sproblems.B-class:difficulttoresolvedif听范读短文的录音。学生根据拼音自由朗读短文,不会拼读的音节求助同学或老师。听老师读短文,把自己不会认读的字和词听清楚。指名朗读,重点纠正“蓝”“绿”“帆”的读音。齐读短文,进一步熟悉短文。你最喜欢哪一句话?指导学生有感情地朗读。ficulties,shallconsistofminingorganizationstosolveproblems.C-class:fromsegmentsandbusinessrisksthatmustbeaddressedintheDepartment.2,open-pitmineunsafetypesinclude:electrical,transport,blasting,fire,andotherslope.3,accordingtotheseverityofthehazardfilledinbyunittroubleshooting,registrationform(seeatt3量njib1大于产量miia1的情形类同。2.应用实例运输问题模型的应用比较广泛,并不完全局限于运输问题,下面我们举例说明之。例1.生产时序的安排1)问题的提出北方飞机公司为全球各航空公司制造商用飞机。其生产过程之最后阶段为生产喷射引擎,然后装置于(一极速工作)制妥的机体,该公司有若干近期必须交付使用的飞机的合同,现须安排今后四个月飞机喷射引擎的生产计划,并须于每月末分别提供10、15、25、20台引擎。已知该公司各月的生产能力和生产每台引擎的成本如下表所示(单位:百万元),又如果生产出来的引擎当月不能交货的,每台引擎每积压一个月需存储和维护费用0.015百万元,试在完成合约的情况下,制定一引擎数量的生产安排方案,以使该公司今后四个月的生产费用最小。生产成本表月份合约数生产能力单位成本存储和维护费110251.080.015215351.110.015325301.100.015420101.132)模型分析与变量的假设初看之下,这是一个与运输问题模型毫无关系的问题,如何用运输问题模型求出其最优解,这种素质和能力是因人而异的。用运输问题模型求该问题最优解的关键在于怎样建立该问题的产销平衡表及元素ijx和单位运价表及元素ijc。为此,我们假设ijx表示第i月生产并用于第j月交货的引擎数,因公司必须完成合同,则ijx应满足:eaintheaccidentinvestigation,managementandreporting,eachpostshouldbedevelopedunderthissystemspecialistscheck,cleartheexaminations,time,cyclesandotherrelevantregulations.Strengtheningsitesupervisionandexamination,todetectandinvestigateillegalcommand,illegaloperationsandviolationsofoperatingrules.Secondsafetyreferstotheproductionsite,technologymanagement,equipment,facilities,a