高中英语2020届二轮复习语法专项连词教案

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连词重难点分析连词是一种虚词,它不能独立担任句子成分而只起连接词与词、短语与短语以及句与句的作用。连词可以分为两类:并列连词和从属连词(引导各种从句的连词)。一、连词的用法归纳并列连词并列关系and,when(就在这时=andjustatthis/thattime),notonly…butalso,neither…nor,both…and转折关系but,while(而、尽管),yet,not…but选择关系or,either…or,otherwise,orelse(否则、要不然)因果关系for,so定语从句关系代词先行词是人who/that(主语),whom/that(宾语),whose(定语)注意:非限制性定语从句中不用that先行词是事或物which/that(主语或宾语),whose(定语)关系副词先行词是时间:when(状语);先行词是地点:where(状语);先行词是reason:why(状语)名词性从句连词that没有词义,不作句子成分,引导宾语从句时可省略;即句子的结构与意义完整时,填that连词if/whether意为“是否”,不作句子成分,引导宾语从句时,一般可互换,但在介词后或discuss后引导宾语从句时,只能用whether。但引导其他名词性从句时,一般也只能用whether连接代词有意义,作句子成分:who,whom,whose,which,what连接副词有词义,作句子成分:when,where,why,how状语从句时间状语when,while,as,before,after,once,till,until,since,everytime,themoment,hardly…when,nosooner…than,assoonas地点状语where,wherever(无论什么地方、不管哪里)条件状语if,unless(除非),as/solongas(只要),onconditionthat(如果),incase(如果、万一)原因状语because,since,as,nowthat(=since既然、由于)结果状语sothat(结果),so…that,such…that(如此……以至于……)目的状语sothat(为了、以便),inorderthat,incase(以防万一),forfearthat(以防、以免)让步状语although,though,as(状语或表语要提到as前,作表语的单数可数名词提前时,不用a),evenif,eventhough(即使),whether…or…(不管……还是),whoever(=nomatterwho),whatever(=nomatterwhat),whenever(=nomatterwhen),whichever(=nomatterwhich)比较状语than,as…as,notas…as,notso…as,thesame…as,such…as,themore…themore方式状语as(像、依照),asif,asthough(好像、仿佛)注意:定语从句、状语从句、名词性从句的详细讲解可见专题13、14、15。二、连词的使用难点与易错点归纳因为连词的种类非常多,有并列连词(连接并列句),有从属连词(引导复合句),而从属连词引导的从句又可分为三类:定语从句、状语从句和名词性从句。尤其应注意的是有些连词可引导不止一种从句,具有多重功能,这往往是学习的难点,也是易混点。难点回顾:1.as可引导多种从句,如时间状语从句、原因状语从句、让步状语从句、方式状语从句、比较状语从句以及定语从句。[误]Whichyoucansee,heisalwaysreadytohelpothers.[正]Asyoucansee,heisalwaysreadytohelpothers.解析:as引导非限制性定语从句,当“正像/正如”讲。[误]DolikeItoldyou.[正]DoasItoldyou.解析:like是介词;as是连词,在这里作“按照”讲,引导方式状语从句。[误]Hewasreadingthenhewaswalking.[正]Hewasreadingashewaswalking.解析:as强调两个动作同时进行,作“一边……一边……”讲。[误]Asheisyoung,heknowsalot.[正]Youngasheis,heknowsalot.解析:as引导的让步状语从句应用倒装语序,应把表语提前。2.that可引导多种从句,如定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句等。[误]Youdon’tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.[正]Thatyoudon’tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.解析:that引导主语从句,本身无实际意义,但不能省略。[误]Thethiefhandedeverythingwhichhehadstolentothepolice.[正]Thethiefhandedeverythingthathehadstolentothepolice.解析:everything是不定代词,因此后面的定语从句只能由that引导。[误]Iamhappyasyoupassedtheexam.[正]Iamhappythatyoupassedtheexam.解析:that在形容词后面引导宾语从句,不能用as。3.where可引导多种从句,如定语从句、状语从句以及名词性从句。[误]Gotofindyourwatch.It’stherewhereyouleftit.[正]Gotofindyourwatch.It’swhereyouleftit.解析:where引导表语从句,相当于attheplacewhere。[误]Theplacewherethereiswater,thereislife.[正]Wherethereiswater,thereislife.解析:where引导地点状语从句,可以放在主句的前面,也可以放在主句的后面。[误]Ican’trememberinwhichplaceImethim.[正]Ican’trememberwhereImethim.解析:where引导宾语从句,不能用inwhich。4.what可引导感叹句、特殊疑问句、名词性从句等。[误]Howaninterestingstoryhetoldus![正]Whataninterestingstoryhetoldus!解析:Whataninterestingstory!=Howinterestingastory![误]Ican’trememberthethingwhathetoldme.[正]Ican’trememberwhathetoldme.解析:what引导宾语从句,相当于thethingthat。5.nomatter+what/who...与whatever/whoever...的区别:前者只能引导让步状语从句,而后者既可引导让步状语从句,也可引导名词性从句。[误]Iwillmakefriendswithnomatterwhosharesmyinterest.[正]Iwillmakefriendswithwhoeversharesmyinterest.解析:引导名词性从句时只能用whoever。[误]Youmusthandinnomatterwhatyou’vefound.[正]Youmusthandinwhateveryou’vefound.解析:引导名词性从句时只能用whatever。6.whether和if的区别:两者引导名词性从句时都是从属连词,作“是否”讲,本身不作成分,此时句子中往往出现表示“不肯定”意义的一些短语,如notsure/certain,notknown/decided,...isstillquestion,dependon等。whether和if引导动词后的宾语从句时可互换,但下列情况一般只能用whether:(1)引导介词后的宾语从句;(2)引导主语从句;(3)引导表语从句;(4)引导同位语从句;(5)后面出现ornot。[误]Ifyoucanpasstheexamdependsonhowhardyouwork.[正]Whetheryoucanpasstheexamdependsonhowhardyouwork.解析:引导主语从句只能用whether。三、关联副词英语中有一类词,其作用和功能与连词有些类似,但又有区别,那就是关联副词。关联副词也是全国英语高考的考点之一,曾经出现过几次。这类题主要考虑前后逻辑意义的连贯,即重点考虑上下文意义的连贯,同时注意分析句中的时态等基础语法现象和相关词语的用法。做这类题,清楚地理解文章的来龙去脉和上下文意是最关键的!1.时间性副词由考查过的afewhourbefore/earlier可联想到,也许会考afewhoursago(几小时前),thenminuteslater(十分钟后),afterwards(后来),thedayafter(次日),thedaybefore(前一日),Ihadmethimbefore(在那之前我就见过他了),thanbefore(比以前),thanever(比以前),thaneverbefore(比以往任何时候),since(从那时以来),eversince(从那时起到现在),andthen(然后),tillthen(直到那时),bythen(到那时为止),justthen(就在那个时候),fromthenon(从那时期)等。2.逻辑性副词由考过的anyway(无论如何)可联想到,也许会考anyhow(=anyway无论如何、至少),however(然而),therefore(因此),thus(因此),besides(而且、还有、此外),though(可是、然而),too,also,instead等。考点练透一、完成句子在下列各句中填入一个适当的单词使句子完整通顺。1.ImetAlice,___________toldmethatshewaslearningChinese.2.Themanto___________ourheadmastertalkedjustnowisfromCanada.3.He___________hasamindtobeathisdogwilleasilyfindhisstick.4.Godhelpsthose___________helpthemselves.5.___________thereislifeonthemoonisaninterestingquestion.6.___________willwinthematchisstillunknown.7.Everythingdependson___________wehaveenoughmoney.8.Childrenwhoarenotactiveor___________dietishighinfactwillgainweightquickly.9.Hereareallmystory-books.Youcantake___________youlikebest.10.Shealwaysthinksof___________shecanservethecustomerswell.11.Hegotuptoolate.Thatis___________hecamelatetothemeeting.12.Anideacametohim___________hemightdotheexperimentinanotherway.13.Makeamark___________youhaveanydoubtsorquestions.14.Wordcame___________ourChinesewomenteamhadwonthegame.15.Heisnot___________hewasafewyearsago.16.Ourincomeisnowdouble___________itwastenye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