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Howdidyouspendyourwinterholidaylastyear?stayathome?gotraveling?playgames?…Wheredidyougoandwhatdidyoudo?•Nationalflag•LocationTraveletoItalyancientculture?•Wow!Rome(Capital)isyourbestchoice!AllroadstoRome.Crazyforwaterandcarnival?•Goto狂欢Crazyforsunshineandbeaches?1sendv.寄，送2postcardn.明信片3spoil[spɔil]v.使索然无味，损坏4museum[mju:'ziəm]n.博物馆5public['pʌblik]adj.公共的6friendlyadj.友好的7waiter['weitə]n.服务员，招待员8lendv.借给9decision[di'siʒən]n.决定10whole[həul]adj.整个的11single['siŋgəl]adj.唯一的，单一的1.send(send–sent–sent)v.寄；送1)加双宾语sendsb.sth.=sendsth.tosb.IsentmymotherapresentonMothers’Day.=IsentapresenttomymotheronMothers’Day.2)加单宾语sendsth.sendalettersendsb.sendPetertoFrance3)send/givesb.one's...代向某人致意Pleasesendyoursistermylove.Pleasesayhellotoyourbrother.Remembermetoyourparents.4）sendforsb.派人去请，去叫某人Theysentforadoctoratonce.give,tell,take,offer,pass...(to)buy,cook,get,make...(for)派遣，打发某人代我问候你的父母。2.postcardn.明信片EveryyearIcanreceivesomepostcards.cardn.卡片；贺卡namecard/visitingcard名片Hereismynamecard.IDcard身份证（identitycard；identificationcard）creditcard信用卡postn./v.邮，寄post-bag邮袋post-box(mailbox)邮筒，邮箱post-code邮政编码3.spoilspoil-spoiled-spoiled/spoilt-spoilt1)v.破坏，使...没劲Badweatherspoiltourholidays.2)v.娇惯，宠坏，溺爱Thatlittlegirlisspoilt–herparentsgivehereverythingsheasksfor.过去分词作定语时，要用不规则形式：aspoiltchild一个被惯坏了的孩子breakv.破坏breakthewindowsdamagev./n.破坏,程度不一定很重；被破坏的对象受损程度较小，可以修复destroyv.破坏，彻底摧毁，不能修复注意：以上三个是指物理上的破坏,而spoil主要指精神上的。4.public①adj.公共的，公众的，与公众有关的publiceducation民众教育publichealthThereisapubliclibraryinthistown.②adj.公开的，众人皆知的Theirsecretmeetingwasmadepublic20yearslater.•inpublic公开的•inprivate私自的，私下里的Let’shaveaconversationinprivate.③n.公众，群众，大众thepublic公众，民众ThemuseumisopentothepubliconSunday.5.friendlyadj.友好的Shegavemeafriendlygreeting.befriendlytosb.HeisnotveryfriendlytoJohn.•inafriendlyway“(这个人)做....很友好”Healwaysgreetsmeinafriendlyway.friendn.朋友makefriendswithsb.和某人交朋友Proverb:Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.“ly”结尾的adj.lonely孤独的silly蠢的brotherly兄长般的lovely可爱的deadly致命的likely可能的6.waitern.服务员,招待员•waiter男服务员waitress女服务员•-ess女性的象征:•actor-actress•prince王子-princess王妃，公主7.lendv.借给;借出（lend-lent-lent）•lendsth.tosb.＝lendsb.sth.Canyoulendme$20please?I’llpayitbacktomorrow.lendsb.ahand=givesb.help给某人以帮助•borrowv.借进;借来•borrowsth.fromsb（不能用borrowsb.sth.(×)）Heborrowedmypenyesterday.Hehasn’treturnedittomeyet.8.decisionn.决定Onthelastdayofmyholiday,Imadeabigdecision.decidev.决定Withsomanychoices,it'shardtodecidewhichtobuy.Idecidedtostudyanotherforeignlanguage.=Imadeadecisiontostudyanotherforeignlanguage.=Imadeupmymindtostudyanotherforeignlanguage.9.whole1)adj.完全的，整体的，全部的awholedaythewholecountry2)n.整体Fourquartersmakeawhole.四分之一，一季度，一刻钟Cuttheappleintoquarters.halfn.一半Twohalvesmakeawhole.onthewhole总的来说，一般来讲Onthewhole,Iagreewithyourdecision.10.single1)adj.唯一的，单一的asinglebedasingleroomasingleticketasingle-parentfamily2)adj.未婚的，独身的single单一的←→double双倍的single单身的←→married已婚的andcompletethesummarywriting!Postcardsalwaysspoilmyholidays.Lastsummer,IwenttoItaly.Ivisitedmuseumsandsatinpublicgardens.AfriendlywaitertaughtmeafewwordsofItalian.Thenhelentmeabook.Ireadafewlines,butIdidnotunderstandaword.EverydayIthoughtaboutpostcards.Myholidayspassedquickly,butIdidnotsendcardstomyfriends.OnthelastdayImadeabigdecision.Igotupearlyandboughtthirty-sevencards.Ispentthewholedayinmyroom,butIdidnotwriteasinglecard!Postcardsalwaysspoilmyholidays.Lastsummer,IwenttoItaly.Ivisitedmuseumsandsatinpublicgardens.AfriendlywaitertaughtmeafewwordsofItalian.Thenhelentmeabook.Ireadafewlines,butIdidnotunderstandaword.goonholiday去度假beonholiday正在度假adj.上一个adj.最后一个atlast最后；终于teachsb.sth.=teachsth.tosb.teachsb.todosth.词；话，语言read–read–read______fewlittleafewalittle否定肯定可数不可数可数不可数很少，几乎没有有一些，有一点1.Thereis_______waterintheglass.Let'sgoandgetsome.A.fewB.muchC.manyD.little2.I'm_______thirsty.CanIgetsomethingtodrink?A.fewB.afewC.littleD.alittle3.Bequietfor_______minutesandlistentothis.A.fewB.afewC.littleD.alittle4.Let'sgoandhaveadrink.Westillhave_______timebeforeleaving.A.fewB.afewC.littleD.alittleDDBDEverydayIthoughtaboutpostcards.Myholidayspassedquickly,butIdidnotsendcardstomyfriends.OnthelastdayImadeabigdecision.Igotupearlyandboughtthirty-sevencards.Ispentthewholedayinmyroom,butIdidnotwriteasinglecard!thinkabout/of考虑,思考thinkof想到;认为Whatdoyouthinkof...?______________________________________spend...onsb./sth.spend...(in)doingsth.Keystructures（一）概念：表示过去发生的动作/存在的情况或状态SheworkedasanEnglishteacherlastyear.Whotoldyouthis?Hesufferedalotwhenhewasachild.Ididn’tknowheratthattime.（二）动词结构：动词过去式•①+ed•②-e+d•③辅音字母+y→i+ed•④双写词尾＋ed•⑤不规则变化•发音（清读清，浊读浊，元音又把浊来读）：①清辅音后一般读/t/passed,asked,laughed②浊辅音、鼻音、元音后一般读/d/climbed,died,stayed,saved③/t/,/d/后一般读/id/.repeated,needed,wanted,handed•现在时和过去时的几组差异：•（别以为这很简单，下面的差异你不一定明白）•●Herbrotherwasachemist.●Herbrotherisachemist.●Itwassonicetoseeyou.（离别时用）●Itissonicetoseeyou.（见面时用）•●Janedidalotofworkthismorning.•●Janehasdonealotofworkthismorning.•SpecialDifficulties••双宾语：间接宾语（人），直接宾语（物）•v.+间接宾语+直接宾语•v.+直接宾语+to/for+间接宾语•v.+人+物givesb.sth•v.+物+to/for+人givesth.tosb.Hesentmeacard.=Hesentacardtome.•经常和for搭配的词有：•buysth.forsb.makesth.forsb