情报组织

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第四讲情报组织第一节情报组织的特性第二节美国情报界及所属情报组织第三节美国国家情报战略及其演变和发展趋势第二节美国情报界及所属情报组织SeventeenAgenciesandOrganizationsUnitedUnderOneGoalTheU.S.IntelligenceCommunity(IC)isacoalitionof17agenciesandorganizationswithintheexecutivebranchthatworkbothindependentlyandcollaborativelytogathertheintelligencenecessarytoconductforeignrelationsandnationalsecurityactivities.OurprimarymissionistocollectandconveytheessentialinformationthePresidentandmembersofthepolicymaking,lawenforcement,andmilitarycommunitiesrequiretoexecutetheirappointedduties.17个机构和组织,在一个目标下结合美国情报界(IC)是一个17个机构和组织的联盟。既独立工作又相互协作,以收集必要的情报,服务于外交关系和国家安全的活动进行。我们的主要任务是收集和传达的重要信息给总统,决策者,执法和军事社区的成员完成要求其委托的职责。The17ICmemberagenciesare:AirForceIntelligenceArmyIntelligenceCentralIntelligenceAgencyCoastGuardIntelligenceDefenseIntelligenceAgencyDepartmentofEnergyDepartmentofHomelandSecurityDepartmentofStateDepartmentoftheTreasuryDrugEnforcementAdministrationFederalBureauofInvestigationMarineCorpsIntelligenceNationalGeospatial-IntelligenceAgencyNationalReconnaissanceOfficeNationalSecurityAgencyNavyIntelligenceOfficeoftheDirectorofNationalIntelligence17IC成员机构有:空军情报陆军情报中央情报局海岸警卫队情报国防情报局能源部美国国土安全部国务院财政部毒品管制局联邦调查局海军陆战队情报国家地理空间情报局国家侦察办公室美国国家安全局美国海军情报国家情报总监办公室MembersoftheICcollectandassessinformationregardinginternationalterroristandnarcoticactivities;otherhostileactivitiesbyforeignpowers,organizations,persons,andtheiragents;andforeignintelligenceactivitiesdirectedagainsttheUnitedStates(U.S.).Asneeded,thePresidentmayalsodirecttheICtocarryoutspecialactivitiesinordertoprotectU.S.securityinterestsagainstforeignthreats.IC成员收集和评估有关国际恐怖主义和麻醉活动,其他由外国势力、组织、个人及其代理人,外国情报机构直接针对美国的敌对活动。根据需要,总统也可以命令IC开展专项活动,以保护美国的安全利益,防御外来威胁。AComplexOrganizationUnitedUnderaSingleGoal:NationalSecurityTheIntelligenceReformandTerrorismPreventionActof2004(IRTPA)establishedtheOfficeoftheDirectorofNationalIntelligence(ODNI)tobetterunifyandmanagetheeffortsoftheIntelligenceCommunity(IC).PriortothepassageoftheIRTPA,theICwassupervisedbytheDirectorofCentralIntelligence,whoalsooversawtheCentralIntelligenceAgency.TheIRTPAeffectivelystrengthenedtheICbyfurtherdefininggoalsandbudgets,andestablishinganumberofnationalcenterstaskedwithdevelopingcollaborativeapproachestocollectionandanalysisofintelligenceforaspecificissue.在一个单一目标下的联合起来的复杂的组织:国家安全情报改革及恐怖主义预防法2004(IRTPA)设立了国家情报主任办公室(ODNI),以更好地统一和管理情报界(IC)。在IRTPA通过之前,IC由中央情报主任负责,他还领导中央情报局。IRTPA有效地加强了IC,进一步明确目标和预算,并建立一个国家中心,负责发展合作的方法来收集和分析情报的具体问题。TheICisstructuredtomaximizetheeffectivenessofintelligencecollectionanddisseminationeffortsamongits17memberagencies.Whileeachmemberactsunderitsownspecificdirective,weallsharetheICmissiontocollectandconveyessentialinformationthePresidentandmembersofthepolicymaking,lawenforcement,andmilitarycommunitiesrequiretoexecutetheirappointedduties.IC的结构是为其17个成员机构之间的情报收集和传播工作发挥最大的效益。虽然每个成员根据自己特定的指令行事,我们都有IC使命:为总统、决策者、执法者、军事部门履行职责收集和传达重要情报信息。TheoveralleffortsoftheICareadministeredbytheOfficeoftheDirectorofNationalIntelligence(ODNI),whichisledbytheDirectorofNationalIntelligence(DNI).美国IC届由国家情报主任办公室管理,(ODNI),该部门领导是国家情报主任(DNI)。TheDNIoverseesthe17federalorganizationsthatmakeuptheIC.Indoingso,heorganizesandcoordinatestheeffortsoftheICagencies.TheDNIalsomanagestheimplementationoftheNationalIntelligenceProgram.Additionally,theDNIservesastheprincipaladvisertothepresidentandtheNationalSecurityCouncilonintelligenceissuesrelatedtonationalsecurity.DNI负责17个联邦机构组成的IC。在这样做时,他负责组织和协调的IC机构的努力。DNI管理实施国家情报计划。此外,DNI是总统和国家安全委员会的关系到国家安全的情报问题的首席顾问。TheDNI'sdutyistoorganizeandcoordinatetheeffortsoftheother16ICagencies,sopreviouslydeterminedintelligenceneedsaremet.TheothermembersoftheICaredividedintothreegroups:ProgramManagers,whoadviseandassisttheODNIinidentifyingrequirements,developingbudgets,managingfinances,andevaluatingtheIC’sperformance;Departmentals,whoareICcomponentswithingovernmentdepartmentsoutsidetheDepartmentofDefensethatfocusonservingtheirparentdepartment’sintelligenceneeds;andServices,whichencompassintelligencepersonnelinthearmedforces,andwhichprimarilysupporttheirownService’sneeds.DNI的职责是组织和协调等16个IC机构的努力,使确定的情报需求得到满足。IC成员被划分分为3组:计划管理者建议和协助ODNI确定需求,发展预算,管理财务,评价IC的绩效;部门,是国防部之外政府部门内的IC组成部分,专注于为他们的上级部门的情报需求;服务机构,其中包括在军队中的情报人员,主要支持自己的服务的需求。WhiletheICisapartoftheexecutivebranch,wearesubjecttoexternaloversightfromtheexecutiveandlegislativebranches.Throughtheseinteractions,theICkeepspolicyanddecisionmakersinformedofintelligencerelatedtonationalsecurityissues,andallowsCongresstomaintainoversightoftheICintelligenceactivities.ExecutiveorganizationsinvolvedinoversightoftheICincludethePresident’sForeignIntelligenceAdvisoryBoard,thePresident’sIntelligenceOversightBoard,andtheOfficeofManagementandBudget.WithintheCongress,principaloversightresponsibilityrestswiththeSenateSelectCommitteeonIntelligenceandtheHousePermanentSelectCommitteeonIntelligence.虽然IC是行政部门的一部分,但是接受来自行政和立法部门的外部监督。通过这些互动,IC让政策制定者和决策者了解相关的国家安全问题的情报,并允许国会保持对IC情报活动的监督。涉及参与监督的IC的行政机构包括总统的外国情报咨询委员会,总统情报监督委员会,管理和预算办公室。在国会,参议院情报委员会和众议院情报常设特别委员会,负主要监督责任。ThreatsMayComeinManyForms,WhichIsWhyOurEffor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