ACEW-Lecture-5-Exposition

LVJUNADVANCEDENGLISHWRITINGPage1of3Topic/TitleLecture5ExpositionTeachingAims/ObjectivesStudentslearnwhattheexpositorywritingisandhowtodeveloptheabilitytowritegoodexpositoryessaysonthebaseofwritingeffectivesentences.TeachingPoints1.Whatisexposition?2.Thetypesofexposition3.Thefeaturesofexposition4.ThepurposeofexpositionTeachingMethods1．process-focusedapproach；2．task-orientedapproach；3．email-basedpracticeTimeAllowance40minutesTeachingProceduresPartOne:Exposition1.Whatisexposition?Expositionisexplanation.Expositorywritingisatermusedfrequentlytodistinguishthesortofprosefromthewritingweoftencallcreative,atermthattechnicallyrefersprimarilytofiction,althoughthelineofdemarcationiscertainlynotalwaysclear—thefamiliaressayandthenarrativesketchoftenoverlap.2.Thedifferenceofdescription,narration,exposition,argumentandexpositionThetraditionsofrhetoricinthelasttwocenturiesdividetypesofwritingintofourmodes:description,narration,expositionandargument.Descriptionmainlydealswithappearanceandfeeling(外观和情感);andnarrationdealswitheventsandexperiences(事件和经历);argumentdealswithcauseandproof(原因和证据).Unlikethesethreetypesofwriting,expositionmainlydealswithprocessandrelationships(过程和关系).Practicallyallwritingisamixtureofthese.Mostofthetime,peopledon'tthinkmuchaboutthedifferences,butinawritingcourseitprobablypaystodiscussthemseparatelyforthesakeoffiguringoutwhatmaybewrongorrightwithapieceofwriting.3.ThetypesofexpositionExpositionscanbedividedintoIntroduction(介绍说明文),Illustration(举例说明文),Division&Classification(分解与分类说明文)，Cause&Effect(因果说明文)，Definition(定义说明文)，Comparison&Contrast(类比与对比说明文)，Diagram(图表说明文)andFigures(数字说明文)andsoon.4.ThefeaturesofexpositionTherefore,howdoweknowwhatisexpositionandwhatisnot?Iftheresultofthewritingistotellastory,totellwhathappened,thenthewritingisconsiderednarrative,arrangedintime.Theneedtore-createsomethinginwordsbecomesdescription,arrangedinspace.Writersorganizeexpositionbylogic,appealingtothereader’sreasonbyusingevidenceandlogic,evenifalsoappealingtothereader’sLVJUNADVANCEDENGLISHWRITINGPage2of3emotion.Expositionexplainsthenatureofanitem,idea,orathemeusing(singularlyorincombination)identification,definition,classification,illustration,comparisonandcontrast,and/oranalysis.Aswithalltypesofwriting,expositionmustbeorganizedandwellsupported.Onewritermayorganizefromthemostimportantpointtotheleastimportant(asfoundinarticlesfornewspapersandmagazines).Anothermayorganizefromtheleastimportanttothemostimportant(foundofteninspeeches).Oneorganizationalmethodistoplacepointsinorderofoccurrence(suchasdirections).Anotherorganizationalprocesscouldbeproandcon.5.ThepurposeofexpositionThroughexposition,awriterinforms,explains,andclarifieshis/herideasandthoughts.Expositiongoesbeyonddescriptiontohelpthereaderunderstandwithgreaterclarityanddepththeideasandthoughtsofthewriter.Expositorywriting,likedescriptivewriting,iscommonlyfoundinnewspapers,magazines,books,andmostotherformsofwrittencommunication.Expositionisjudgedbyitsusefulnessandaccuracy.Itaimstobeclearmorethanitaimstobeartificiallyinteresting.1)Thewritershouldknowwhatheistalkingabout.Thereisnosubstituteforthat.2)Thewritershouldhaveaclearpurposeinsharingtheinformation.Ifhehassuchapurpose,hewilleasilydecidewhattoincludeandwhattoleaveout.Aclearpurposewillalsohelphimdecideonthingsliketheorderinwhichheprovideshisinformationandwhathewillemphasize.3)Thewritershouldholdinmindaclearideaofwhathisaudiencealreadyknowsandwhatitneedstoknow.Itusuallyhelpstochooseoneorafewpeopleawriteractuallyknowswhomatchthecharacteristicsofthetargetaudience.4)Thewritershouldusetheformatofhiswritingasanaidtoclarity.Hemightuselistswheneverpossible.Heshouldcertainlykeephisparagraphsfairlyshortsothathisreader'seyesarenotfuddled.Heshouldusefrequentheadingsforsub-topicssoareaderdoesn'thavetosearchrandomlytoreturntotheinformationheneeds.Sometimeslongsentencescannotbeavoided,butthewritershouldreadthemaloudor,better,havesomeoneelsereadthembacktohimsothatheknowsasentenceflowsanddoesnottricktheeye.5)Thewritershouldrecognizeandusethetraditionalpatternsoforganizationwheneverthosepatternsdonotdistorthismaterial.Easilyrecognizedpatternsoforganizationimprovetheusefulnessofapieceofexposition.6.Theformatofexpositoryessay1)EachsupportingparagraphmusthaveadistinctcontrollingtopicLVJUNADVANCEDENGLISHWRITINGPage3of3andallothersentencesmustfactuallyrelatedirectlytoit.Thetransitionwordsorphrasesareimportantastheyhelpthereaderfollowalongandreinforcethelogic.2)Finally,theconclusionparagraphshouldoriginallyrestatethethesisandthemainsupportingideas.Finishwiththestatementthatreinforcesyourpositioninameaningfulandmemorableway.3)Neverintroducenewmaterialintheconclusion.7.Expositorywritingplan1)Introduction---getreader’sattention---transitionthetopic---clearlystateyourtopic(---don’texpandhereusingexamples,factsorstatistics---youmaybrieflystateyourmainpoints)2)BodyA---stateyourfirstmainpointinoneclearsentence---explainanddefineasnecessary---providefacts,examples,quotations,etcforsupport(---varythetypeofsupportandhowyoupresentit---usecreative,inter