09非谓语动词-动词不定式

非谓语动词——动词不定式12什么是非谓语动词啊？“非谓语非谓语”,就是不是谓语的动词呗!那不是谓语是什么呢？。。。。。。概述：1.谓语动词：在句子中担任谓语的动词2.非谓语动词：使用非谓语动词的条件一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有连词的情况下,还有别的动词出现时。Shegotoffthebus,leavingherhandbagonherseat.3不能单独做谓语，但同时仍保留动词的形式Non-finiteVerb4非谓语动词动词不定式动名词分词现在分词过去分词区别动词不定式：将要发生。在句中可作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语定语、状语等成份。Ihavesomethingtotellyou.动名词：动名词既有动词特征，也有名词特征。在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语和定语。Hegotwell-preparedforthejobinterview,forhecouldn’trisklosingthegoodopportunity.现在分词：主动，动作正在进行。在句中可以作定语、表语、状语和宾语补足语Thoughlackingmoney,hisparentsmanagedtosendhimtouniversity.过去分词：被动，动作已经完成。（同上）Thesoldierwoundedinthewarhasbecomeadoctor5①Theteacherssittingthereare主语定语连系动词fromotherschools.表语②Wefoundthegroundcoveredwithsnow.谓语宾语宾语补足语6.主谓宾定状补2③ThefamousdoctorgivebirthtoababyhelpedthepregnantwomanlastFriday.to总结:非谓语动词大都可在句中作主语、宾语、宾语足语、表语、定语、状语等.一.动词不定式（TheInfinitive）8动词不定式是指在句中不能单独做谓语的动词形式，在句中起着名词，形容词或副词作用的成分。以下是动词不定式的时态和语态。语态时态主动语态被动语态一般式todotobedone进行式tobedoing完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone完成进行式tohavebeendoinge.g①Ihopetoseeyounextweek.②Don’tpretendtobeworkinghard.Justdowhatyoushould.(贵阳兼职网)③Imeanttohavesentthebooktoyoubymail.④SheissaidtohavebeenwritingthenovelaboutNewYorkforyears.⑤Thepressconferenceistobeheldtomorrow.⑥Theroomseemstohavebeentidiedupalready.9动词不定式的时态和语态TodothatsortofthingisfoolishIwanttoseeyouthisevening.AllyouhavetodoistofinishitquicklyWefoundahousetoliveinShecameheretostudyEnglishIwarnedthepatientnottoeatcoldwateraftertheoperation.10主语表语状语定语宾补宾语Tomasteraforeignlanguagecallsforagreatdealofmemorywork.IttakesusanhourtogettherebybusIt’sourdutytohelpthedisabled.11动词不定式有副词，形容词和名词的特征，因此在句中可作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语等成份。⑴作主语不定式作主语时，可以直接放在谓语之前,谓语动词用单数。常用it做形式主语，将todo放在之后做真正的主语，使句子保持平衡。句型1：It+谓语+todo句法作用句型2：It’s+n.+todoItis+adj+forsbtodosth（是形容事物的性质）Itis+adj+ofsbtodosth（是形容人的品质的）e.gItisagreathonorforustobepresentatyourbirthdayparty.Itisverykindofyoutogivemesomehelp.＝Youareverykindtogivemesomehelp.12句型3：Itis+adj+for/ofsb.todosth.Exercise1.(06江西32)Ittookalongtimefortheconnection_____betweenbodytemperatureandillness.A.tomakeB.tobemadeC.makingD.beingmade2.Itwaspolite＿thechildtogiveuphisseattotheelderly.(for/of)3.Itiseasy＿metofinishthisworkbeforeten.(for/of)13⑵作宾语(S+V+todo)Idecidedtostudyhard.①接不定式作宾语的系动词：appear，seem,prove,turnout,get……②接不定式作宾语的动词:find,want,order,allow,agree,ask,plan,hope,wish,like,expect,demand,expect,promise,refuse,begindetermine,refuse,offer,fail,manage,learn,seem,intend,prefer,forget,mean,prepare,pretend,continue,start,afford,hate,intendandsoon.14Exercise1.Theywanted____(get)onthebus,didn’tthey?toget2.Hesaidhewished______(be)aprofessor.tobe3.Iagreed______(go)therewiththedoctortogo4.Mydaughterpreferred______(dance)whenshewasinhertwentiestodance15常跟疑问词+不定式作宾语的动词:tell,advise,show,teach,findout,decide,discuss,learn,explain…know,show,discover,see(understand)Idon'tknowhowtogetthere.Ihaven'tdecidedwhethertogoorstay.Idon'tknowwhattodowiththismatter.16it作形式宾语注意：不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后，而用it作形式宾语。S+find/think/feel/make/consider…it+adj/n+todosth.Ifind/feelitinterestingtoworkwithhim．1.Doyouconsider___betternot__go?2.Ifeel__myduty__changeallthat.3.Wethink__important__obeythelaw.1718trymeanstopgoonrememberforgetregret+tododoing1.Youwerebraveenoughtoraiseobjectionsatthemeeting.—Well,nowIregret_that.A.todoB.tobedoingC.tohavedoneD.havingdone2.Boys,don'tforget_____thewindowsbeforeyouleavetheclassroom.A.closingB.closedC.toclosingD.toclose3.Shereachedthetopofthehillandstopped_______onabigrock.A.tohaverestedB.restingC.torestD.rest4.Ifyouthinkthattreatingawomanwellmeansalways_herpermissionforthings,thinkagain.(06湖南)A.getsB.gotC.togetD.getting193.作定语Ihavesomethingtoeat.⑴不定式与它所修饰的词有动宾关系Doyouhaveanythingtobewashedtoday?⑵不定式用来说明所修饰词的内容Ihavenochancetogothere.⑶被修饰词是不定式的逻辑主语Sheisthelasttoleavetheroom.⑷不定式为不及物动词时，须加其相应的介词但是，不定式所修饰的名词如果是time,place或way时，不定式后面的介词习惯上省去。如：Heislookingforaroomtolivein.Wefoundawaytosolvethisproblem(in).20（5）.用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no,all,any等限定的中心词。如：Hewasthebestmantodothejob.Womenandchildrenwerethefirsttogetintothelifeboats.（6）用来修饰的词是抽象名词时，常见的有：ability,chance,idea,fact,excuse,promise,answer,reply,attempt,belief,way,reason,moment,time等。如：DoyouhavetheabilitytoreadandwriteEnglish?Ihavetochancetogosight–seeing.211.(09安徽28)Theplay______nextmonthaimsmainlytoreflectthelocalculture.A.producedB.beingproducedC.tobeproducedD.havingbeenproduced2.Thehouseisnotbigenoughforusall_______.A.toliveinB.tobelivedinC.toliveD.forlivingin3.Ihavesomethingimportanttosay.pleasefindapieceofpaper（写上）towriteon224.作表语(表示主语的职业，职责或性质。如主语是不定式则表语也要求不定式)Ourdutyistohelptheyoungchildrentogrowbetter.5.作宾补(与宾语之间的关系实际上是逻辑上的主谓关系)①能接不定式作宾补的常见动词有:ask,tell,allow,beg,encourage,expect,forbid,invite,order,warn,require,teach.ItoldJefftojointheclub,buthewouldn’tlisten.②当动词是感官动词和使役动词接不定式作宾补时，不定式符号to要省略，但在被动语态中要还原。Thesepicturemademethinkofmychildhood.主动Theboywasseentofalloffthetree.被动2324seewatchdohear+sb./sth.+doingfeeldonenoticeIsawtwoboysfightwitheachother主动Thechildrenwereseentorunawayalongthestreet被动被动句还原to感官动词25dohave/make/let+sth./sb.doingdonetodoget/leave+sth./sb.doingdoned