欧洲有组织犯罪

华东政法学院硕士学位论文欧洲有组织犯罪姓名：谷文玲申请学位级别：硕士专业：刑法指导教师：郑列20040101[]OrganizedCrimeinEurope(ABSTRACTS)Major:CriminalLawResearchDirection:CrimiologyName:GuWenlingSupervisor:ZhengLieWithintheCriminologycommunity,adebateisunfoldingaboutwhichmodelismostappropriatetoapplytounderstandingofthephenomenonof‘organizedcrime’.Akeycomponentofthedefinitionalproblemrevolvesaroundthequestionofwhetherorganizedcrimeisbestconceptualizedintermsofthecharacteristicsofagrouporacriminalactivity.Historically,themainfocushasbeenuponorganizedcrimegroupandmodesofoperation.Mostrecently,inEuropethetrendhasbeentowardsanactivityfocus.However,thiskindofresearchmodelhasneitherbeenrecognizednorbeenpaidenoughattentionbyChinesecriminology.ThereforeitisveryimportantforustounderstandwhathappenedinEuropeandintroducesomenewconceptsintoourcriminology.ThispaperthusthoroughlyexaminesnewdevelopmentsofcriminologyconcerningorganizedcrimeinEuropeandconsequentoperationalandstrategicresponseswiththeaimtoprovidereferenceforChinesecriminology.Thestructureofthispaperhasbeendividedintofourchapterswithtotal30,000words.ThefirstchapterfocusesonthedefinitionsoforganizedcrimeusedbyEuropeanUnion,Europeancountries,UnitedNationsandotherinternationalorganizations.Weshallunderstandthatthedefinitionoforganizedcrimeisofkeysignificancesincethedefinitionusedbyaparticularcountryexplicitlyorimplicitly,willbereflectedinthetaskingofanalysts,whoseworkwilldetermine,atleastinpart,operationalandstrategicresponsesandallocationofresourcestoaddressthephenomenon.ThesecondchapterdealswiththecharacteristicsoforganizedcrimeinEurope.Whileaddressingthisquestion,theauthortriestocombineboththestructureandactivitiesoforganizedcrimebasedontheideathatresearchoforganizedcrimemustbeconductedbothfromanorganizationaspectandfromanactivityaspect.ThethirdchaptermakesageneralstudyintoEurope’spoliticalandlawenforceinitiativesconcerningthefightagainstorganizedcrimeatthelevelofEuropeanUnion.ThischapterisanessentialpartoftheoverallassessmentofthesituationconcerningorganizedcrimeinEurope.ThefourthchapterfocusesonrecentdevelopmentsoforganizedcrimeinEuropewhichinvolveinternationalization,commercializationandothertrends.Asaresult,lawenforceagenciesofEuropearefacingaformidableopponent.Theopponentisutterlyflexible,mobileandfluidincomposition;readytoundertakeanyprofitablecriminalenterprises;essentiallyunboundbynationalbordersto,increasingly,ethnicbelonging;wellrehearsedinprovidinggoodsandservicestocriminalmarkets,andmakingthemostoftechnologicalandotherdevelopmentsintheiractivities.Ontheotherhand,nationallawenforceagenciescannoteffectivelycountertransnationalorganizedcrimesincetheyarelimitedbytheirnationaljurisdiction.Commentsarealsomadeaboutotherinternationalinitiativeandregionalco-operationventuresinEurope.120001212[]201“”212002.12.14.2.[M].:,1994.4.22001330320033200031902002,5.445123412345674COUNCILOFEUROPE,DraftOrganizedcrimesituationreport2000,4.5ENFOPOL161/1994,AppendixC.51-411123456789101119991161267356COUNCILOFTHEEUROPEANUNION,12669/99CRIMORG166,Brussels,9November1999-NotefromthePresidencytotheExpertsoftheContractandSupportNetworkMeetingwithintheframeworkoftheMultidisciplinaryGrouponOrganizedCrimeconcerningInterpretationofthe11criteriaoftheOrganizedCrime7COUNCILOFTHEEUROPEANUNION,ENFOPOL155,10555/96,Brussels,10October1996.71181111A.1238COUNCILOFTHEEUROPEANUNION,15463/01LIMITECRIMORG139,Brussels,19December2001,-NotefromtheforthcomingSpainPresidencyconcerningtheproposalforarevisionofthemethodologyusedforthereportandharmonizationintheinterpretationoftheelevenindicatorsdefiningorganizedcrime.845ABCB.C.199219967123456ABC919979101000119X,Annualreport1997-OrganizedCrime1996,AnnexA,95.10X,Annualreport1997-OrganizedCrime1996,AnnexA,95.11X,Annualreport1997-OrganizedCrime1996,AnnexA,96.10123121312X,Annualreport1997-OrganizedCrime1996,AnnexA,101.13X,Annualreport1997-OrganizedCrime1996,AnnexA,103.11141512314X,Annualreport1997-OrganizedCrime1996,AnnexA,104-105.15UNITEDNATIONS,GeneralAssemblyResolutionA/RES55/25,8January2001–UnitedNationsConventionagainstTransnationalOrganizedCrime.121620011116UNITEDNATIONSGeneralAssembly,Fifth-fifthsession,A/55/383/Add.1,3November2000,2,ReportoftheAdHocCommitteeontheEleborationofaConventionagainstTransnationalOrganizedCrimeontheworkofitsfirsttoEleventhsessions,Addendum.InterpretativenotesfortheofficialrecordsofthenegotiationoftheUnitedNationsConventionagainstTransnationaOrganizedCrimeandtheProtocol,3November,2131719989212183322123456717COUNCILOFEUROPE,RecommendationNoR(2001)11oftheCommitteeofMinisterstomemberstatesconcerningguidingprinciplesonthefightagainstorganizedcrime,Strasbourg,19September2001.18COUNCILOFTHEEUROPEANUNION,O.J.,L351,Brussels,29December1998–JointActionof21December1998adoptedbythecouncilonthebasisofArticleK.3oftheTreatyonEuropeanUnion,onmakingitacriminaloffencetoparticipateinacriminalorganization.148910111213141516171819202122232425199911919MoniteurBelge,26February1999,581215341622012341201261998162345619881234123171232118112342341234191500105023456722A.Schloenhardt,‘OrganizedCrimea