ERP原理和SAPERP答案

ERP原理和SAPERP复习1、名词Client:hardware/softwareenvironmentthatcanmakearequestforservicesforacentralrepositoryofresourcesCompanyCode:anindependentaccountingunit.BalancesheetsandProfit&LossStatements,requiredbylaw,arecreatedatthecompanycodelevel.Plant:1.Lowestvaluationarea2.OrganizationallevelwhereMaterialRequirements(MRP)runs3.Generallyusedtodescribeaproductionsite,adistributioncenterorcentralizedwarehouse4.MaybeaphysicalorlogicalunitDivision:RepresentaproductlineShippingpoint：AfixedlocationwithinaplantthatcarriesoutshippingactivitiesStorageLocation：Storagelocationisasub-divisionofaPlantwhereinventoryismanaged.Inquiry:acustomer’srequesttoacompanyforinformationorquotationinrespecttotheirproductsorserviceswithoutobligationtopurchase.Quotation:presentsthecustomerwithalegallybindingoffertodeliverspecificproductsoraselectionofacertainamountofproductsinaspecifiedtimeframeatapre-definedprice.Tolerances:Atolerancelimitissetforallowedvariancebeforeawarning/errormessageisdisplayedRFQ:RequestforQuotationREQisaninvitationtoavendorbyaPurchasingOrganizationtosubmitabidforthesupplyofmaterialsorservicesBOM:物料清单（BillofMaterial）---列出某一产品的所有构成项目以及他们之间的结构关系。SOP:销售运营计划FlexibleforecastingandplanningtoolUsuallyconsistsofthreesteps:1.SalesPlan2.ProductionPlan3.RoughCutCapacityPlanPlannedatanaggregatelevelintimebucketsWorkCenters:Alocationwithinaplantwherevalue-addedwork(operationsoractivities)areperformedMPS:MasterProductionScheduling,allowsacompanytodistinguishplanningmethodsbetweenmaterialsthathaveastronginfluenceonprofitorusecriticalresourcesandthosethatdonot2、讨论1.ERP与MRPII的对比分析ERP：在MRPII的基础上，融合JTT,OPT,AM,TQM等管理思想，功能覆盖企业全业务，并扩展到供应链上的所有合作方，支持数据仓库和联机分析处理能力，决策支持等的管理系统。MRPII：内容---以物料需求计划为中心的企业生产管理计划，以工业工程的计划与控制为主线，实现物流与资金信息集成的管理信息系统。基本思想---基于企业的经营目标制定生产计划，围绕物料转化组织制造资源，实现按需按时的进行生产。五个工作层次---经营规划，生产计划，主生产计划，物料需求计划，生产/采购作业计划。2.SAPBusinessSuite的产品组成SD：销售与分销MM：物料管理PP：生产计划QM：质量管理PM：维护及检测HR：人力资源IS：特殊行业应用WF：工作流程PS：专案管理AM：固定资产CO：成本控制FI：资金流3.SAPERPCoreApplications的模块LogisticsSales&DistributionPlantMaintenanceMaterialsManagementProductionPlanningQualityManagementAccountingFinancialAccountingControllingAssetManagementTreasuryHumanResourcesPersonnelManagementBenefitsPayroll4.SAPERP系统登录步骤1.选择：ECC6—552.接着输入不能被别人知道的账号和密码。。。。。。3.Client：3504.User：NUG1—25.Password：******[welcome1]5.SAPERP的系统结构GUIGraphicalUserInterfaceorWebInterfaceApplicationServerOneormore,helpdistributeworkloadDatabaseServerOnesingledatarepository6.SAPERP的主要模块及其功能7.SAP系统中session同时可以打开的最大数目:6个8.Sap中SystemMessages的三种提示信息9.SD模块中常见的分销形式有哪些SalesorganizationOrganizationalUnits:DistributionChannelDistributionChannel1DistributionChannel2IsameansthroughwhichsalesmaterialsreachthecustomerRepresentsyourstrategiestodistributegoodsand/orservicestoyourcustomerForexample:wholesaletrade,retailtrade,internettrade,...10.简述SAPERP系统中一个企业模型的结构1,Companycode2,SalesArea3,Plant4,StorageLocation5,ShippingPoint11.简述SD模块的主要步骤PresalesactivitiesSalesorderprocessingInventorysourcingShippingBillingPayment12.SD模块中涉及到主数据有哪些CustomerMasterDataMaterialMasterDataSalesConditionData13.SD模块的输出方式有哪些QuotationConfirmationInvoice14.SD与MM模块的关系MMContainsalltheinformationacompanyneedstomanageaboutamaterial.SoSDWillusetheinformationintheMM,MMis“Buy”.SDis“Sell”SDneedselltheMaterialswhichbuyinMMprocess15.简述销售订单的处理流程(salesorderprocess)1．Pre-salesActivities2．SalesOrderEntry3.CheckAvailability4．PickMaterials5．PackMaterials6．PostGoodsIssue7．InvoiceCustomers8.ReceiptofCustomerPayment16.DeliveryScheduling处理中的两种时间推导方式17.PurchasingOrganization与PurchasingGroup的区分PurchasingOrganizationOrganizationunitresponsibleforprocuringservicesandmaterialsNegotiatesconditionsofthepurchasewiththevendorsPurchasingGroupBuyerorgroupofbuyerswhoareresponsibleforcertainpurchasingactivitiesChannelofcommunicationforvendors18.MM模块涉及到的主数据有哪些1.VendorMasterData2.MaterialMasterData3.PurchasingInfoRecord4.ConditionMasterData5.OutputMasterData19.简述SAP中“TheStool”模式IntheBusinessProcessIntegrationclassweusethestoolasametaphorfortheSAPstructure.TherearefourbasiccomponentsneededtorunexecuteSAP.Threeofthesearethelegsofthestool:orgdata,masterdata,andrules.These‘holdup’thetransactions.Transactionscannotberununlessthesearesetup.Thelegsaretypicallyconfiguredduringtheimplementationprocess.DuringBPI1wewillsetupthestoolforFinance,MaterialsmanagementandSalesandDistribution.20.Tolerances是什么，常用的有哪些，举例说明NowearliercreatedtolerancesinaccountingforAR/APNowwewillhavesomematerialtolerancesTolerancescanbesetatthemateriallevelorthevendorinforecordlevel.Thisallowsforthetailoringoftolerancesasneeded.IntheCustomizingsystemforInventoryManagement,youcandefinetwotolerancesforvariancesintheorderpricequantity:Toleranceforanerrormessage:ifthevarianceislargerthanthistolerancespecified,thesystemissuesanerrormessage,andyoucannotpostthegoodsreceipt.Toleranceforawarningmessage:ifthevariancereachesthistolerancespecified,thesystemissuesawarningmessageduringentryofthegoodsreceipt.However,youcanstillpostthegoodsreceipt.Thebuyerreceivesamessagepointingoutthediscrepancy.常见举例：PurchasingTolerancesG