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状语时用来修饰词，词，词或的一种句子成分。它可以表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较、方式等。当充当状语的部分是一个句子时，也就是状语从句。分类如下：动形容副句子状语从句1.时间状语从句2.地点状语从句3.原因状语从句4.条件状语从句5.让步状语从句6.目的状语从句7.结果状语从句8.方式状语从句9.比较状语从句引导词可分为两部分．aswhilewhenwheneverbeforeafteruntil(till)sinceassoonaseverytimenexttimethefirst/…timethemomenttheminute/…instantlyimmediatelydirectly(一…就…)as引导的时间状语从句,可以表达“正当……”，“一边……一边……”，“随着……”等意思。1.表示某事一发生，另一事立即发生。Asthesunrose,thefogdisappeared.2.表示在某事发生的过程中，另一事发生。Justashewasspeakingtherewasaloudexplosion.3.表示两个动作同时发生。Helensangasongasshewashed.4.表示“随着…..”.常指一个行为是另一个行为的结果，或一种状态随另一种状态变化。句中的动词多表示状态的发展变化。Asshegrewolder,shebecamemorebeautiful.1.as,while,when的区别while:持续性动词／进行时＊一般或现在情况＊将来情况－V一般现在时或现在进行时＊过去情况e.g.IlikelisteningtomusicwhileIamdoingmyhomework.e.g.—I’mgoingtothepostoffice.--Whileyouarethere,canyougetsomestampsforme?e.g.IhurtmyshouldwhileIwasdoinggym.WhileIwaswalkingdownthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriend.(while=_______)WhileIreallydon’tlikeart,Ifindhisworkimpressive.(while=_________)Whilethereislifethereishope.(while=__________)Helikespopmusic,whileIamfondoffolkmusic.whenalthoughaslongasWhile在句中的不同含义:when:持续性／非持续性动词都可＊当……时＊正在……忽然e.g.WhenIfirstsawher,Ifellinlovewithher.---Whendidyougethome?---Itwaseighto’clockwhenIgothome.1)Theywerewalkingdownthestreetwhentheysawanaccident.2)Iwasabouttogoswimmingwhenourguidestoppedme.＊尽管／虽然／鉴于／如果／届时／e.g.Hewalkswhenhemighttakeataxi.TheQueenwillvisitthetowninMay,whenshewillopenthenewhospital.Howcanyouhopeformercyyourselfwhenyoushownone?HowcouldIliveinLosAngeleswhenallmyfavoritepeoplelivehere?虽然届时如果鉴于,既然when还有一些较为灵活的翻译:before引导的时间状语从句◆before引导的时间状语从句，常译为“在……之前”，表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前。Wecleantheclassroombeforeweleaveschooleveryday.Itwillnotbelongbeforeyouregretforwhatyou’vedone.after引导的时间状语从句◆after引导的时间状语从句，常译为“在……之后”，表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之后。Afteryouuseplasticbags,youmustn’tthrowthemabout.since引导的时间状语从句◆since引导的时间状语从句，常译为“自从……”，主句常用现在完成时，从句常用一般过去时。例句翻译：我们自从分手以后一直没见过面。Wehaven’tseeneachothersinceweparted.常用句型：Ithasbeen(is)+时间段+since从句“自从……有多长时间了”例句翻译：自从她大学毕业已经有六年时间了。Ithasbeen(is)sixyearssinceshegraduatedfromtheuniversity.until/till引导的时间状语从句◆until/till引导的时间状语从句，常译为“直到……时”，表示主句动作发生在从句之前。◆当主句谓语动词是延续性动词时，主句常用肯定形式。例句：我会待在这里，直到你回来。I’llstayhereuntilyoucomeback.◆当主句谓语动词是非延续性动词时,主句常用否定形式。not…until…“直到……才……”，这时until可用before替换。Hedidn’tgotobeduntilhefinishedhishomework.例句：他直到做完作业才睡觉。assoonas引导的时间状语从句◆assoonas引导的时间状语从句，译为“一…就…”，表示从句动作一发生，主句的动作马上就发生。例句：他一回来我就告诉他这件事。Iwilltellhimaboutitassoonashecomesback.◆相当于assoonas用法的词或短语还有themoment,theminute等.2.I’llgivehimyourmessagetheminutehearrives.1.ThemomentIhaddoneit,IknewIhadmadeamistake.名词短语引导的时间状语从句◆thetime,thehour,theday,bythetime,eachtime,everytime,nexttime,anytime等也可以引导时间状语从句。IthoughtherniceandhonestthefirsttimeIsawher.Bythetimeyouarrived,thelecturehadalreadyended.Bythetimehecomes,wewillalreadyhaveleft.其他连词引导的时间状语从句◆nosooner…than…,hardly/scarcely/barely…when…引导时间状语从句,从句用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时。当nosooner,hardly/scarcely/barely位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装。Ihadnosoonerbeguntotalkthanherangoff.NosoonerhadIbeguntotalkthanherangoff.我还未来得及讲话，他就挂断了电话。1.IwassofamiliarwithhimthatIrecognizedhisvoice______Ipickedupthephone.A.whileB.afterC.incaseD.theminute2.Howlongdoyouthinkitwilltake_______ourproductbecomespopularwiththeconsumersA.whenB.untilC.beforeD.since3.______thedaywenton,theweathergotworse.A.WithB.sinceC.AsD.While4.Hewashalfwaythroughhismeal____afamiliarvoicecametohisears.A.whyB.whereC.whenD.while地点状语从句用连接副词where或wherever(在任何地方)引导。e.g.a.Juststaywhereyouare.b.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.c.Youcansitwhereveryoulike.d.Whereveryougo,I’llberightherewaitingforyou.1.Whenhereadsabook,hishabitistomakeamark___themeaningisuncleartohim.A.thereB.whereverC.theplaceD.inwhich原因状语从句表示主句中的某一动作或状态所发生的原因。引导这种从句常用的连接词是：because,as,since,nowthat,for,和consideringthat,seeingthat这七个连词都用于表示表示原因,但在语气上一个比一个弱。e.g.Hedidn’tcometoschoolbecausehewasill.c.f.Hemightbeill,forhedidn’tcometoschool.表示“直接”原因。表示“间接的推断”原因.不可出现在句首。because,since,as,for的区别:because—直接原因，非推断．语气最强．回答why的问题。since–通常放句首．译为“既然”as–不谈自明的原因，语气最弱。for–放句中，引导后半句表原因,或补充推断的理由。1.Idancedinfrontofthepeople_________Ilikedit.2.You’dbetterwearstrongshoes_____we’lldoalotofwalking.3.____hewasnotwell,Idecidedtogowithouthim.4.______everybodyknowaboutit,Idon’twanttotalkanymore.5.Hemustbeill,____heisabsentToday.6.Somepeoplebelievethat______oilisrunningout,thefateofthemotorindustryisuncertain.becauseasAsSinceforsince条件状语从句表示主句中的某一动作或状态是在什么情况或条件下发生的。条件状语从句中通常用一般现在时表示将来。条件状语从句由从属连词引导：if,unless(除非),as/solongas(只要),once(一旦),incase(假使),e.g.a.We’llcomeovertoseeyouonSaturdayifwehavetime.b.Weshouldservethepeopleas/solongaswelive.1.Wewillbeabletogetthereontime,____ourcardoesn’tbreakdownontheroad.A.assoonasB.asfarasC.aslongasD.aswellas2.Intimeofseriousaccidents,_____weknowsomebasicthingsaboutfirstaid,wecansavelives.A.whetherB.untilC.ifD.unless3.____youhavetriedit,youcan’timaginehowpleasantitis.A.UnlessB.BecauseC.AlthoughD.When____youtouchanEnglishperson,youshouldsay“sorry”._____theyaredirty,certainseasarenotabletocleanthemselves.__________wedon’tloseheart,we’llfindawaytoovercomethedifficulty.Don’ttouchanything______yourtea