-1-高考英语短文改错专题讲练短文改错的常见错误类型1.动词错误类型:时态、语态(历年考试的重点和热点)①时态错用(和主体时态矛盾)②and前后动词时态不一致;③主谓不一致④缺少动词,特别是be动词;⑤第三人称单数形式错用⑥主动语态和被动语态错用。⑦固定搭配错误1)历年都有时态错误的小题,而且改动基本集中在一般过去时与一般现在时之间。时态的更改要以上下文的主体时态为依据,以明显的时间状语为依据。eg.Iwasonlyfourwhenshepassesaway.(根据Iwasonlyfour)注意:主从复合句中,如果主句是一般现在时,从句可以根据需要用各种时态;如果主句是一般过去时,从句需要用相应的过去时态。举例说明:Ithinkthatheisagoodman/thathedidnotfinishhisworkyesterday.Hesaidthathehadvisitedthepark.2)and/but前后都有谓语动词称为并列谓语,以短文主体时态为准,一定注意两个动词时态是否一致。eg.Shelikeditverymuchandreadsittotheclass.Allsaidthestorywas...Asweclimbedthemountain,wefedmonkeys,visitingtemplesandtoldstories.Theydidnotwantmetodoanyworkathome;theywantmetodevoteallmytimeto…3.1)主谓不一致一般都是考简单句:主谓宾/主系表,所以注意主语和谓语实义动词/be动词是否一致就变得不难了。eg.Oneeveningshetoldmethatsomethinghappenedwhenherparentswasout.3.2)主语后有with,togetherwith,alongwith,aswellas,like,but,except,ratherthan,besides,including等短语时,谓语动词和主语一致。(AtogetherwithB作主语,谓语动词依A来定)Nobodyexceptmyparentsknowsanythingaboutit.3.3)or,neither…nor..,either…or…,notonly…butalso…连接并列主语遵循就近原则。Heorhisbrotherswastoblameforthebrokenwindow.3.4)oneof+复数名词后的定语从句谓语动词用复数,但the(only/very/right)oneof+复数名词后的定语从句,谓语动词需用单数。Eg.Jamesistheonlyoneofmyfriendswhoarelazy.3.5)no,manya,morethanon+单数名词表示复数意思,但因中心词是单数,谓语仍用单数。Eg.MorethanonestudenthavebeentoBazhong.3.6)有些名词只有复数形式,作主语时,谓语动词用复数。Clothes,glasses眼镜,shoes,chopsticks筷子,scissors剪刀,trousers,jeans,stocks….Eg.Thispairoftrousersbelongtomysister.Minearebeingwashed.主谓一致(语法一致原则/就近一致原则/意义一致原则)更多参见一轮复习书P160-161.4)简单句句子结构:主系表/主谓宾,注意完整性。Sheisastudent.Ilikemusic.eg.Therewillanimportantgamenextmonth.5)第三人称单数名词代词作主语,谓语动词要用单数,be动词was,is;实义动词加s(一般情况加s如takes,reads;辅音字母+y结尾的变y为i+es如:try-tries,reply-replies;以/s/,/ʃ/,/tʃ/音素结尾和o结尾的动词+es如:do-does,watch-watches,guess-guesses)have-has是特殊。若非第三人称单数作主语,谓语动词不能乱用单数。eg.Mydreamschoollooklikeabiggarden.6)被动语态的结构:bedone/bebeingdone/have/hasbeendone.但不及物动词(短语)无被动:comeout,runout,belongto,date-2-backto,comeup(被提出),happen,occur(发生),consistof,appear,die,lie,rise,…..eg.Thisbookwasbelongedtome.7)动词短语考搭配,一般都是一些基础的常用短语,需要大家熟记分清。Eg.Mysisterisgoingtograduatecollegesoonandfindajob.2.名词单复数和名词所有格错误类型①可数名词:单复数错用(高频考点)②可数名词和不可数名词混用③名词所有格中“’s”的误置④无生命所有格of漏用/误用1.1)单复数错用改动依据一:名词前的修饰限定成份(单数名词前常有a/an;复数名词前有many,several,afew等;不可数名词没复数,其前常有much,little等);改动依据二:上下文的逻辑关系,谓语动词的单复数(be动词is,was配单数名词;be动词are,were配复数名词;实义动词原形配复数名词;实义动词第三人称单数配单数名词)1.2)名词复数规则要记清:(详见一轮复习书P14)(1)Thereareadvantageforstudentstowork...(2)Thatwasadinnerwehadwaitedforseveralmonth.(3)…afewminuteontheInternet.(4)Butoneandahalfyearlater.(oneandahalf意思为一个半)2)不可数名词无复数,不能直接用冠词或数词修饰,常见的要记清:clothing服装(总称,information,advice,news,weather,equipment,traffic,trouble,furniture,fun,paper纸,sugar,work(工作)luggage行李…..既是可数名词又是不可数名词的。词性取决于语境。名词作“不可数”时复数形式名词作“不可数”时复数形式coffee咖啡几杯咖啡custom习惯;习俗海关silk丝绸各种丝绸force力气;力量军队hair头发几根头发glass杯子;玻璃眼镜time时间次数;倍数;时代sand沙子沙滩;沙漠food食物各种食物work工作作品;工厂fruit水果若干种水果chicken鸡肉鸡wood树木树林manner举止,态度礼貌iron铁熨斗arm手臂武器paper纸试卷;论文;报纸word消息字;词;话Eg.WehavecalledseveraltimeaboutHippy’searlymorningbarking.Theirwordwereagreatencouragementtome.3.1)表示“…的”通常在名词词尾直接加-’s;以s结尾的复数名词直接加“’”即可如:friend’s,friends’…butshemarkedstrictlyonstudent’sactualperformance...3.2)注意一些习惯用法:表示店铺,某人的家,诊所等;atthebarber’s/dentist’s,atmyaunt’s等表示时间,距离,集体,城市,团体,机构的,yesterday’snewspaper,fiveminutes’walk走路五分钟的路程Eg.Iforgotmyfavoritebookatmyfriendthisweekend.4)无生命所有格,“of+名词”如:apictureofmyfamily一张我家的全家福Eg.Withoutthehelpbyhisparents,hebravelygotoutofthefinancialproblem.3.形容词、副词错误类型①系动词后误放副词②误用副词修饰名词;③误用形容词修饰动词、形容词④误用形容词作评注性状语⑤误用副词修饰主语表状态⑥v-ing和v-ed形容词混用⑦误用形容词或副词的原级、比较级和最高级⑧近义词误用-3-⑨误用带-ly的副词与不带-ly的副词最后,注意根据上下文该用比较级而未用的“暗中比较”特别指正:1)系动词后常用形容词(be/am/is/are/was/were/become/go/感官性动词smell/feel)Thememorystayedfresh.Thefoodtastesgood.2)修饰名词用形容词seriousproblem;3)修饰动词、形容词、过去分词及整个句子用副词:Shesingswell;Ifirmlybelieveyoucansucceed;Ihadanextremelyspecialbirthday.ShewasparticularlyinterestedinEnglish.4)副词(un)fortunately,surprisingly,luckily等放句首作评注性状语修饰整个句子。改错题热门考点eg.Unfortunately,Ifailedtogotheparty.不幸的是,我没能去参加聚会。5)形容词可以作状语修饰句子主语。eg.Tiredbuthappy,wewonthegame.6)Ving的adj常修饰物,“令人…的”,ved的adj常修饰人,“感到….”Shewassurprisedatthelatestsurprisingnews.Shehadaverysurprisedbookonherface.7.1)much可以修饰形副词的比较级,many不可以。eg.TheInternetplaysamuchmore/moreimportantroleinourlife.7.2)the+比较级,the+比较级“越…越…”常成为考点,注意前后一致,都要用比较级。eg.Themoreprogresswehavemade,theeasierthelifeis.7.3)adj/adv比较级+than“…比…更…”注意than前要用比较级。HeisbetteratEnglishthanme.8)注意一些近义词的区别:lonely,alone;farther,further;alive,live,lively;likely,possible,probable,likely.9)注意一些形容词可以做副词,而+ly也为副词,但意义不同。尤其注意late,lately;close,closely;high,highly;hard,hardly;most,mostly;like,likely的区别。(可参阅一轮复习书P77)Tips:形容词变副词规则要记牢:一般词尾+ly,fortunate,interesting,helpful,,以le结尾去e+ly,gentle,possible,;以辅音字母加y结尾变y为i+ly,happy,heavy,angry.强化练习:1.Theycamebacklatelyandhadsometea.2....youalwaysgavemespeciallyattention...3....theyflydownimmediateandcatchthemwithoutdelay.4.Yes,itisclearlythatyourlifeinyourcountryisquitedifferentfrom...5.IknowyouareparticularinterestedinHumanRights.4.非谓语错误类型(动名词、不定式、ving分词、ved分词)①不定式符号to的添、删②谓语和非谓语混用③ving分词/ved分词作状语混用④忽视动名词doing作主语、宾语⑤and连接的不定式或动名词前后不一致(尤其距离较远时)1.