11123Na2CO3NaHCO3NaHCO3456,NaClKNO3ClAgNO3HNO3ClAgAgClSO42-HClBaCl2SO42-+Ba2=BaSO4.1.n2.mol:6.02102313.6.021023mol-14./n=N/NA5.M(1).2g/molg.mol-1(3).6.=/(n=m/M)1.Vm1.2L/mol2.=/n=V/Vm3.,Vm=22.4L/mol1..1BB2mol/L3/CB=nB/V2.1:,.2a..b.1.2.3.4.5.6.78.A.B.C.D.E12cm.3.C()?V()=C()?V()/nm1NaCl1100Fe(OH)310011AA+B=ABBAB=A+BCA+BC=AC+BDAB+CD=AD+CB2AB3AB21,SO2SO3CO223A:Ba2SO42-AgClCa2CO32-Mg2OH-BHCO32-,HCO3-,SO32-OH-NH4CHOH-CH3COO-OH-HCO3-DFe2Fe3Cu2MnO4-HOH-43:NaMgAlFeO2H2NaH2OH2AlH2A12O3AlOH3Na2CO3NaHCO3Na2CO32NaHCO3=Na2CO3CO2H2OCO32HCO3HCO3-H==CO2H2OHCO3-H==CO2H2OCO2NaHCO3Na2CO3Na2CO3CaOH2==CaCO32NaOHCO32-NaHCO3NaOH==Na2CO3H2OHCO3OH==H2OCO32H2OCO2Na2CO3CO2H2O==2NaHCO3CO32-H2OCO2==HCO3-CaCl2Na2CO3==CaCO32NaClCa2CO32==CaCO326.3903ASiC4SiO2[SiO4]SiO2HFNaOHSiO24HF==SiF42H2OSiO2CaO===()CaSiO3SiO22NaOH==Na2SiO3H2OHFH2SiO3SiO2Na2SiO32HCl==H2SiO32NaClNa2SiO3K2SiO3Na2SiO31410ACl,():MnO24HCl()MnCl22H2OCl2:,2NaCl2===()2NaCl2Fe3Cl2===()2FeCl3CuCl2===()CuCl2Cl2H2===()2HClCl2Cl2H2O==HClHClO2HClO===()2HClO212HClOCl22NaOH=NaClNaClOH2ONaClOHClO,(35)(70)2Cl22Ca(OH)2=CaCl2Ca(ClO)22H2OSiGeTiCO32SO32HClAgNO3==AgClHNO3NaClAgNO3==AgClNaNO3Na2CO32AgNO3==Ag2CO32NaNO3Ag2CO32HNO3==2AgNO3CO2H2OClAg==AgClSO2===()SO2140H2SO3H2SO3SO2SO2H2OH2SO3N2O2==()2NO2NOO2==2NO2NO3NO2H2O==2HNO3NOSO2NO2(2SO2O2==2SO3SO3H2O==H2SO4)C12H22O11======(H2SO4)12C11H2O2H2SO4()C==CO22H2OSO22H2SO4()Cu==CuSO42H2OSO2H24HNO3()Cu==Cu(NO3)22NO24H2O8HNO3()3Cu==3Cu(NO3)22NO4H2O:N(+4)O2,HN(+3)O2,N(+2)O,N(+1)2O,N(0)2,N(-3)H31700NH3H2O==NH3?H2ONH4OHNH3?H2ONH3?H2O===()NH3H2ONH3HCl==NH4Cl()NH4Cl==NH3HClNH4HCO3==NH3H2OCO2NH4NO3NaOH==NaNO3H2ONH32NH4ClCa(OH)2==CaCl22H2O2NH3112150mLA.B.C.D.1A.B.C.D.2A4B3C2D13AB.CD.2ABCD2nNNAnmMn=ANNn=Mm0101PanBcBVn=mVVVm=22.4L/molcB=VBn)(4NAA2.3NaNa+,0.1NAB18H2O8NAC28NAD20,1.01105Pa,11.2LO2NA34gNaOH1L3.65gHCl480mL2mol/LKCl1A.B.100mLC.D.E.F.50mL2KClg3AB.C.D.E.F.G.45400mL5ABCD5ABCD6ABCD16ACO32-+2H+=CO2+H2OBH2OCl2+H2O==2H++ClClOC2Na+2H2O==2Na2OHH2DBa(OH)2Ba2++SO42==BaSO47()AK+Na+OH-NO3-BCu2+Ba2+Cl-NO3-CNa+Mg2+OH-SO42-DFe2+H+NO3-ClO-8Cl-Br-I-Fe2+927ABCD8AClCl2BFe2+Fe3+CI2IDCO32CO210SiO2+3C=SiC+2COA60:36B36:60C2:1D1:211A.B.C.D.1Na2O2NaNaOHNa2CO3NaHCO32AlAl2O3AlOH3AlCl3NaAlO23Fe3O4FeFeCl2FeOH2FeOH3?FeCl39A.B.C.D.120.2molNa218O2CO20.2molNa218OD2O10NaOHAFe3CINa+SO42BAI3+Na+CO32NO3CAg+Na+SO42NO3DAIO2CO32KNa13MgCl2Al2(SO4)3NaOHNaOH[Cl][SO42-]A11B23C32D2111ACu2+BFe3+CFe2+DH+14AHNO3BCu(NO3)2CHNO3DFe(NO3)315KSCNAFe3+BFe2+CFe2+D12ABCDv1.25vNaOH16ABCD17CaCO3SiO2,,ABCD2HClOCl2HClNaClCaClO2AgCl13AFeCl2BFeCl3CCuCl2DAlCl318ACl2ClBClCl2CClClDCl19A.B.C.D.3CO2SO2CO2SO2SO2CO2H2OCO2+H2OH2CO3+H2OH2SO3NaOHCO2+2NaOH=Na2CO3+H2OSO2+2NaOH=Na2SO3+H2OCO2SO2Na2CO3Na2CO3+CO2+H2O=2NaHCO3Na2CO3+SO2=Na2SO3+CO2SO2+Br2+2H2O==H2SO4+2HBr14A2F2+H2O=4HF+O2BSi+2NaOH+H2O=Na2SiO3+2H2C3NO2+H2O=2HNO3+NODP2O5+3H2O=2H3PO420ABCD21ABCD4++SO2H2S+H2OHNO3HNO3a)b)C15A.H2B.O2CO2C.D.16NH4NO3Na2SO4(NH4)2SO4NaClA.BaCl2B.Ba(OH)2C.AgNO3D.NaOH22SO42-A.B.C.SO42-Ag+D.Ba2+