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第1页阅读理解【学习内容】1.题型介绍2.解题策略3.答题步骤4.解题技巧一、题型介绍考查的能力题型掌握所读材料的主旨和大意主旨题了解阐述主旨的事实和细节细节题利用上下文猜测某些词汇和短语的意义词汇题根据所读材料进行判断、推论或做出结论推论题领会作者的观点、意图和态度态度题二、解题策略（一）主旨题这类题型主要是用来考查考生是否理解了文章或段落的主旨和大意，也考查考生区别主要信息与次要信息的能力。其提问方式常有以下几种：Whatisthemainidea（subject）ofthispassage?Whatdoesthispassagemainlyconcern?Themainpointofthepassageis__________.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?Thepurposeofthewriterinwritingthispassageis________.主旨是一篇文章或一个段落的核心，是作者写作意图的体现。就学士学位英语考试而言，文章或段落的主旨通常以主题句（topicsentence）的形式出现。应试策略1：如果时间紧迫，就略读（skimming）文章的开头、结尾及段落的首句和尾句，因为这些地方最能体现文章的主旨大意。主旨应该是宏观的，但又不能失之空泛。例1：Thepassageismainlyabout__________.第2页A.theagriculturerevolutionB.theinventionoflabor-savingmachineryC.thedevelopmentofscientificagricultureD.thefarmingmachineryinAmerica【答案】B【解析】根据第一段的前两句：Theagriculturerevolutioninthenineteenthcenturyinvolvedtwothings:theinventionoflabor-savingmachineryandthedevelopmentofscientificagriculture.Labor-savingmachinerynaturallyappearedfirstwherelaborwasscarce.可以看出，这里进一步谈论的是关于Labor-savingmachinery，所以它应该是文章的主题，故答案为B。原文：Theagriculturerevolutioninthenineteenthcenturyinvolvedtwothings:theinventionoflabor-savingmachineryandthedevelopmentofscientificagriculture.Labor-savingmachinerynaturallyappearedfirstwherelaborwasscarce.“InEurope”,saidThomasJefferson,“theobjectistomakethemostoftheirland,laborbeingsufficient;hereitistomakethemostofourlabor,landbeingabundant”.ItwasinAmerica,therefore,thatthegreatadvancesinnineteenth-centuryagriculturalmachineryfirstcame.Attheopeningofthecentury,withtheexceptionofacrude（粗糙的）plow,farmerscouldhavecarriedpracticallyalloftheexistingagriculturaltoolsontheirbacks.By1860，mostofthemachineryinusetodayhadbeendesignedinanearlyform.Themostimportantoftheearlyinventionswastheironplow.Asearlyas1890CharlesNewboltofNewJerseyhadbeenworkingontheideaofacast-ironplowandspenthisentirefortuneinintroducinghisinvention….例2：Thebesttitleforthispassagemaybe______.A.WordsandFeelingsB.Words,GesturesandFeelingsC.GesturesandFeelingsD.CultureandUnderstanding【答案】C【解析】本文的第一段提到了words，gestures和feelings，但是接下来的论述是关于gestures和feelings的，如：laughter，crying，fear等都是表达人的feeling第3页的，故本文的主题应该是GesturesandFeelings。原文：Weusebothwordsandgesturestoexpressourfeelings,buttheproblemisthatthesewordsandgesturescanbeunderstoodindifferentways.Itistruethatasmilemeansthesamethinginanylanguage.Sodoeslaughterorcrying.Therearealsoanumberofstrikingsimilaritiesinthewaydifferentanimalsshowthesamefeelings.Dogs,tigersandhumans,forexample,oftenshowtheirteethwhentheyareangry.Thisisprobablybecausetheyarebornwiththosebehaviorpatterns.Fearisanotheremotionthatisshowninmuchthesamewayallovertheworld.InChineseandinEnglishliterature,aphraselike“hewentpaleandbegintotremble”suggeststhatthemaniseitherveryafraidorhehasjustgotaverybigshock.However,“heopenedhiseyeswide”isusedtosuggestangerinChinesewhereasinEnglishitmeanssurprise.InChinesesurprisecanbedescribedinaphraselike“theystretchedouttheirtongues”!StickingoutyourtongueinEnglishisaninsultinggestureorexpressesstrongdislike.Eveninthesameculture,peopledifferinabilitytounderstandandexpressfeelings.ExperimentsinAmericahaveshownthatwomenareusuallybetterthanmenatrecognizingfear,anger,loveandhappinessonpeople’sfaces.Otherstudiesshowthatolderpeopleusuallyfinditeasiertorecognizeorunderstandbodylanguagethanyoungerpeopledo.应试策略2：在快速阅读原文的同时，考生应善于捕捉文章中频率出现高的关键词，这些词往往蕴含了文章的中心思想。这些关键词一般是同一词语的高频出现，也有可能表现为同类词（上下义词、同义词或同根词）贯穿全文。例1：Agoodtitleforthispassageis________.A.SleepB.DreamsC.GoodHealthD.WorkandRest原文：Afterabusydayofworkandplay,thebodyneedstorest.Sleepisnecessaryforgoodhealth.Duringthistime,thebodyrecoversfromtheactivitiesofthepreviousday.Therestthatyougetwhilesleepingenablesyourbodytoprepareitselfforthenextday.Therearefourlevelsofsleep,eachbeingalittledeeperthantheonebefore.Asyousleep,yourmusclesrelaxlittlebylittle.Yourheartbeatsmoreslowly,andyourbrainslowsdown.Afteryoureachthefourth第4页level,yourbodyshiftsbackandforthfromonelevelofsleeptotheother.Althoughyourmindslowsdown,fromtimetotimeyouwilldream.Scientistswhostudysleepstatethatwhendreamingoccurs,youreyeballsbegintomovemorequickly（althoughyoureyelidsareclosed）.ThisstageofsleepiscalledREM,whichstandsforrapideyemovement.Ifyouhavetroublefallingasleep,somepeoplerecommendbreathingveryslowlyandverydeeply.Otherpeoplebelievethatdrinkingwarmmilkwillhelpmakeyoudrowsy.Thereisalsoanoldsuggestionthatcountingsheepwillputyoutosleep!【答案】A【解析】整篇文章都是围绕着睡眠展开的，提到了关于睡眠的多个方面。所以文章的标题就是sleep。（二）细节题考生不仅需要从宏观上把握文章内容，还应该从微观上了解短文透露的具体信息，如时间、地点、人物、物体、性格、特征、长度、距离、过程、原因、条件、结果等等。反映在考题上，就是具体情景题，即对文中具体事实和细节（factsanddetails）进行提问。有时候，这类题目会进一步演化为是非判断题（trueorfalse），考查学生一定的辨别和排除能力。应试策略1：找到试题中的关键词，对试题在文章中的位置进行精确定位，然后阅读与试题相关的句子，对比选项得出正确答案。例1：Thedifferencebetweenthecontrolgroupandtheexperimentalgroupwas__________.A.thetrainingthatparentsreceivedB.theageofthechildrenC.thebooksthatwerereadD.thenumberofthechildren原文：Astudywasdonewith30three-year-oldchildrenandtheirparents.Halfofthechildrenparticipatedintheexperimentalstudy;theotherhalfactedasthecontrolgroup.Intheexperimentalgroup,theparentsweregivenatwo-hourtrainingsession