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13520049ResourcesandEnvironmentintheYangtzeBasinVol.13No.5Sept.2004:100428227(2004)05204292051,2,1,13(1.,100101;2.,100875):,,,:;;;:,,1km2400,10000km2,2000km2,,,,21,[15],11.1[3],90001/5,3/42/5,,,[6],,19490.5km21066,8300km2;2000309,2/3,80000hm233000hm2[5],38.2%40.7%33.2%55.3%[7,8],,,,,,,,,,,:2003206227;:2003211213:(WWF).:(1974),,,,.3©1995-2004TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.31;2060,1.2,,,,,,,2050,,,,,,,,,,,,206032.5kg,9060%[4]2070,[9\,,,1.3,,,,()[10],3%2001220.5t(),30%27,8t,,,1200kg,15kg/hm220%25%;,40%50%,,;,,,[11],,POPs,,,,[12,13],1.4,,,,[14,15]:,,;,()(),;,,,,;,,;,,;,,;:;;;:,,,03413©1995-2004TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.,,1.5,,,,,[16],,,,,(1)1Tab.1MainThreattoBiologicalDiversityinAreaAlongtheMiddleReachesofChangjiangRiver,;,,;,,:,,,,;,;,;,,,;,;,;,,,,;,;22.119522000,GDP9900,3.6/km2,48175/km2;,GDP92/km2,1.9/km2;189%,,195214.36%200014.51%,195210.06%20001.16%,,,,,,2.2,,,[17],2000,28.10%27.56%,8%9%,19921993,,,,,,,,,,,,,1345:©1995-2004TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.2.3,19522000,8992,187,56.46km2,3.3,48159/km\+2;,72/km2,1.5/km2;,10,21;37.68%,(1449.2)22.90%25,2001,(625)95.82,(625865)156.68,2.42%3.95%21,2000,(89.5)2.15%,3%,,,,,,---2.4,,:,,,;;;,;,,,,,3,3.1,,,,,,,,,,,,3.2,,,3.3,,,,,4?,,,,,[18]23413©1995-2004TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.:[1]CostanzaR,ArgeR,GrootR,etc.Thevalueoftheworldsecosys2temservicesandnaturalcapital[J].Nature,1997,386:253260.[2].[M].:,2001.[3],.[J].(IUCU),1999,(4):34.[4],,.[M].:,2001.[5],,.[J].,1997,5(3):217219.[6],.[EB/OL].[7].[J].,2002,11(6):569574.[8].,[EB/OL].[9].[J].,1997,28(2):1618.[10]:[EB/OL].[11].[EB/OL].[12],.[J].,2001,32(7):2325.[13],,,.[J\.,2002,28(3):3031.[14].[N],,2002212227.[15].:[EB/OL].[16].[J].,2002,11(4):317322.[17].10[J].,2002,11(5):420426.[18][]R.[M].,.:,2002.THREATANDPRESSUREFORTHEBIO2DIVERSITYCONSERVATIONINTHEAREAALONGTHEMIDDLEREACHESOFCHANGJIANGRIVERWITHSUGGESTIONSONTHECOUNTERMEASUREWANGHai2ying1,YAOTian2,WANGChuan2sheng1,YUXiu2bo1(1.InstituteofGeographicSciencesandNaturalResources,TheChineseAcademyofSciences,Beijing100101,China;2.BeijingNormalUniversity,Beijing100875,China)Abstract:IntheareaalongthemiddlereachesofChangjiangRiver,thebio2diversityconservationstandsforaveryespecialstatuswithimportantvaluesduetothecomplicatedanddiversiformeco2environmentandtheabun2dantbiologyresources.Asoneofthetypicalareasinthestudyofbio2diversity,thebio2diversityintheareahasattracteduniversalattentionofnationalandoverseasscholars.Thispaperdealswiththeproblemofthreatsandpressuresonthebiologicaldiversityconservationintheseareasandsomekindsofecologicalsystems.Themainthreatincludestheecologicalenvironmentfragmentation,exploitativemannerofnaturalresources;pollutionofwaterenvironment;inbreakofforeignspecies,andetc.Andthemainpressureincludesconventionalmodeofe2conomicincrease,non2intensivelanduse;populationincreaseandpoverty,problemsinthepolicyandadminis2trationofgovernments.Then,theauthorsputforwardsomecountermeasurestostrengthenthebio2diversityconservation.Keywords:areaalongthemiddlereachesofChangjiangRiver;ecosystemoffreshwater;biologicaldiversityconservation;threatandpressure3345:©1995-2004TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.