新概念语法精粹

新概念语法精粹GuidetoNewConceptEnglishGrammar（二册初级班）第一章英语动词时态(Tenses)英语时态是英语语法中的第一道难关，攻下此难关是作文、阅读、口语之关键。汉语用不同词表达相应时态，而英语用同一词的不同变化形式表达时态。英语各种时态构成表：以play为例：一般时态进行时态完成时态完成进行时态现在playplaysisamplayingarehashaveplayedhashavebeenplaying过去playedwaswereplayinghadplayedhadbeenplaying将来shallwillplayshallwillbeplayingshallwillhaveplayedshallwillhavebeenplaying过去将来shouldwouldplayshouldwouldbeplayingshouldwouldhaveplayedshouldwouldhavebeenplaying一、一般现在时：1．构成：使用动词原形，第三人称单数须有变化。（1）直接加“s”，works，takes（2）以辅音加“y”结尾，变“y”为“i”，再加“es”carry→carries（3）以“o,s,x,ch,sh”结尾的动词加“es”goesdresseswatchesbrushes2．功能：（1）表现在的事实、状态或动作：eg:►.Birdsfly.►.Shelovesmusic.►.Mary'sparentsgetupveryearly.（2）表习惯性动作或职业，常与often，sometimes，usually，always，everyweek，seldom，occasionally，frequently等时间副词连用。eg:►.Ialwaystakeawalkaftersupper.►.Shewritestomeveryoften.►.Tomandhisgirlfriendgoouttotakeapicnicoccasionally.（3）表客观真理，格言警句或事实：►.Theearthmovesroundthesun.►.Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.►.Twoandtwomakesfour.►.Nomanbuterrs.人非圣贤，熟能无过。（4）表将来：A．在由when，after,before，as，assoonas，although，because，if，evenif，incase，till，until，unless，solongas，where，whatever，wherever等引导的状语从句中用一般现在时表将来发生的动作。（黄金重点，所有考试都不放过它！）例如：►.I'lltellherwhenshecomestomorrow.►.Evenifitrainsthisafternoon,I'llmeetyou.►.Whateverhappens,youshouldkeepcool-headed.（不错的句型，背下！！）►.I'llberightherewaitingforyouwhereveryougo.（很感人的句型！）B．按时间表示将要发生的动作或事件，用一般现在时表达将来时概念。►.Theplaybeginsat6:30thisevening.►.Whendoestheplanetakeoff?►.Heleavesforthatcitynextweek.►.Accordingtothetimetable,theexpresstraintoShanghaistartsatnineinthemorning.（按照时刻表，开往上海的特快列车早上7点出发。）测试精编1.TheBrowns________anicecarandBrown'sbrother________anicejeep.A.have/haveB.has/hasC.have/hasD.has/have2.Iftheirhouse________notlikeours,what________itlooklike?A.is/isB.is/doesC.does/doesD.does/is3.-________youthinkhewillcome?-Ifit________tomorrow,hewillnotcome.A.Do/rainsB.Are/rainsC.Do/willrainD.Are/willrain4.Thelittlechild________notevenknowthatthemoon________aroundtheearth.A.do/moveB.do/movesC.does/movesD.did/moved5.Manyastudent________fondoffilms,butagoodstudentseldom________tothecinemaA.are/goesB.is/goesC.are/goD.is/go二．现在进行时：is/am/are+现在分词1．表示现在正在进行的动作。如►.Thekettleisboiling.ShallImaketea?►.Don'tyouthinkyoueattoomuch?You'reputtingonweight（体重增加）。►.Theworkersarebuildinganewbridgeacrosstheriver.2．表现阶段正进行的动作。►.Heistakingphysicsthissemester（本学期）。►.Wearepreparingforourfinalexaminationthisweek.3．go,come,leave,arrive,land,meet,die,start,return,join,etc.用于进行时态时表示即将开始的动作。►.Look!Thebusiscoming.看！车来了！►.Theoldmanisseriouslyill,andheisdying.►.AliceisleavingforBeijingwithhermother.4．与always,forever,continually,constantly等副词连用，表示说话人带有感情色彩：赞赏或厌恶。►.Heisalwaysthinkingofothers.（他总是想着别人。）►.Theboyiscontinuallymakingnoises.（这男孩不断地发出吵闹声。）►.Theteacherisconstantly(always)criticizingherforbeinglate.（老师一直在批评她迟到。）5．下面表示状态、感觉、情绪、精神活动的动词不可用于进行时。（此条戒律请背10遍！！！）believe（相信），doubt（怀疑），see（看见），hear（听见），know（知道），understand（理解），belong（属于），think（认为），consider（认为），feel（觉得），look（看起来），seem（看上去），show（显示），mind（介意），have（有），sound（听起来），taste（尝起来），require（要求），possess（拥有），care（关心），like（喜欢），hate（讨厌），love（喜爱），detest（憎恨），desire（意欲）【简单记忆】：●永远不要说I'mbelieving...或Heisseeingahouse.再简单一点说，这些动词后面不要随意加-ing.●可怕的是：我们在写作及口语中常犯此类大错！●注意：haveaparty/thinkabout可以用进行时，因为这里have意为“举行”；think意为“考虑”。测试精编：1.Howcanyou________Ifyouarenot________?A.listening/hearingB.hear/listeningC.belistening/heardD.behearing/listeningto2.Thegirlevenwon'thaveherlunchbeforeshe________herhomework.A.willfinishB.isfinishingC.hadfinishedD.finishes3.Thosewhohaveappliedforthepost（职位）________intheoffice.（此题超前）A.arebeinginterviewedB.areinterviewingC.interviewingD.tobeinterviewing4.Theoldscientist________todomoreforthecountry.A.iswishingB.hasbeenwishingC.wishesD.hasbeenwished5.Ifhe________,don'twakehimup.A.stillsleepsB.isstillsleepingC.stillhasbeensleepingD.willbesleepingstill三．一般过去时。定义动词的过去式：1．表示过去某个特定时间或某一段时间发生的动作或情况。►.Wevisitedtheschoollastspring.►.IwenttoschoolbybikewhenIwasinmiddleschool.►.Chinawasfoundedin1949.2．在表示时间或条件等的状语从句中代替过去将来时。（参）►.Shetoldmethatshewouldnotgowithusifitrainedthenextday.►.Theywouldnotleaveuntilshecameback.►.Myfriendpromisedtomarrymeonceshemadeherfinaldecision.3．一般过去时，现在时和过去时的几组差异：（别以为这很简单，下面的差异你不一定明白。）●Herbrotherwasachemist.（已去世）●Herbrotherisachemist.（尚健在）●That'sallIhadtosay.（话已说完）●That'sallIhavetosay.（言之未尽）●Itwassonicetoseeyou.（离别时用）●Itissonicetoseeyou.（见面时用）●Janedidalotofworkthismorning.（已是当天下午或晚上）●Janehasdonealotofworkthismorning.（仍是上午）［本句现在完成时，此乃后话！］测试精编I：（用所给动词的正确进态填空）。1.YesterdayI________(think)thatyouwerenotinBeijing.2.Aliceusually________(sit)inthefrontoftheclassroom,butshe________(sit)atthebackthismorning.3.He________(tell)thenewstousthreedaysago.4.He________(begin)toteachChinesein1990.5.shewouldnottelephonemeifshe________(have)notime.测试精编II：1.They________thetripuntiltherainstopped.A.continuedB.didn'tcontinueC.hadn'tcontinuedD.wouldcontinue2.Thelocalpeasantsgavethesoldiersclothesandfoodwithoutwhichthey________ofhungerandcold.（without在这里表条件，你知道吗？）A.woulddieB.willdieC.wouldbedeadD.wouldhavedied3.ItwasnotuntilthenthatIcametoknowthattheeart