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英汉常用药理学词汇最牛英语口语培训模式：躺在家里练口语，全程外教一对一，三个月畅谈无阻！太平洋英语，免费体验全部外教一对一课程：（EC50）半最大效应浓度（半效能）medianeffectivedose(ED50)半数有效量therapeuticindex（TI）治疗指数marginofsafety安全范围receptor受体ligand配体agonist激动药antagonist拮抗药affinity亲和力intrinsicactivity内在活性competitiveantagonist竞争性拮抗药partialagonist部分激动药pharmacokinetics药物代谢动力学absorption吸收distribution分布biotransformation生物转化excretion排泄elimination消除hepato-enteralcirculation肝肠循环eliminationhalf-lifetime（t1/2）消除半衰期areaunderthecurve（AUC）曲线下面积bioavailability生物利用度zero-orderkinetics零级动力学first-orderkinetics一级动力学eliminationrateconstant(ke)消除速率常数plasmaclearance（Cl）血浆清除率apparentvolumeofdistribution（Vd）表观分布容积rateofelimination（RE）消除速率interaction相互作用synergism协同作用antagonism拮抗作用incompatibility配伍禁忌tolerance耐受性addiction成瘾性dependence依赖性drugresistance耐药性cholinoceptoragonists胆碱受体激动药acetylcholine(ACh)乙酰胆碱pilocarpine毛果芸香碱neostigmine新斯的明pyraloximemethoiodide(PAM)碘解磷定cholinoceptorblokingdrugs胆碱受体阻断药atropine阿托品anisodamine山莨菪碱scopolamine东莨菪碱succinylcholine琥珀胆碱d-tubocurarine筒箭毒碱pancuronium泮库铵vecuronium维库铵atracurium阿曲库铵adrenoceptoragonists肾上腺素受体激动药noradrenaline(NA)去甲肾上腺素adrenaline(AD)肾上腺素dopamine(DA)多巴胺ephedrine麻黄碱isoprenaline异丙肾上腺素adrenoceptorblokingdrugs肾上腺素受体阻断药phentolamine酚妥拉明phenoxybenzamine酚苄明propranolol普萘洛尔timolol噻吗洛尔pindolol吲哚洛尔esmolol艾司洛尔atenolol阿替洛尔metoprolol美托洛尔labetolol拉贝洛尔localanaesthetics局部麻醉药procaine普鲁卡因lidocaine利多卡因tetracaine丁卡因bupivacaine布比卡因ropivacaine罗哌卡因generalanaesthetics全身麻醉药anestheticether麻醉乙醚halothane氟烷enflurane恩氟烷isoflurane异氟烷nitrousoxide氧化亚氮pentothalsodium硫喷妥钠ketamine氯胺酮propofol丙泊酚sedatives镇静药hypnotics催眠药benzodiazepines苯二氮卓类barbiturates巴比妥类diazepam地西泮flurazepam氟西泮chlordiazepoxide氯氮卓oxazepam奥沙西泮triazolam三唑仑flumazenil氟马西尼luminal鲁米那（苯巴比妥）chloralhydrate水合氯醛phenytoinsodium苯妥英钠carbamazepine卡马西平,酰胺咪嗪primidone扑米酮,扑痫酮ethosuximide乙琥胺sodiumvalproate丙戊酸钠clonazepam氯硝西泮nitrazepam硝西泮clobazam氯巴占gabapentin加巴喷丁lamotrigine拉莫三嗪topiramate托吡酯magnesiumsulfate硫酸镁levodopa左旋多巴carbidopa卡比多巴seligiline司来吉兰amantadine金刚烷胺bromocriptine溴隐亭pergolide培高利特trihexyphenidyl苯海索procyclidine丙环定kemadrin卡马特灵antipsychoticdrugs抗精神病药antimanicandantidepressivedrugs抗躁狂抑郁症药antianxietydrugs抗焦虑药chlorpromazine氯丙嗪pipotiazine哌泊噻嗪chlorprothixene氯普噻吨haloperidol氟哌啶醇penfluridol五氟利多sulpiride舒必利clozapine氯氮平risperidone利培酮imipramine丙米嗪（米帕明）maprotiline马普替林mianserin米安色林nomifensine诺米芬新fluoxetine氟西汀venlafaxine文拉法辛lithiumcarbonate碳酸锂buspirone丁螺环酮analgesics镇痛药morphine吗啡codeine可待因pethidine哌替啶alphaprodine阿法罗定fentanyl芬太尼methadone美沙酮pentazocine喷他佐辛（镇痛新）dihydroetorphine二氢埃托啡tramadol曲马朵bucinnazine布桂嗪（强痛定）rotundine罗通定naloxone纳洛酮naltrexone纳曲酮centralstimulants中枢兴奋药caffeine咖啡因methylphenidate哌醋甲酯meclofenoxate甲氯芬酯，氯酯醒piracetam吡拉西坦，脑复康nikethamide尼可刹米lobeline山梗菜碱，洛贝林antipyretic-analgesicandanti-inflammatorydrugs解热镇痛抗炎药non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrugs非甾体抗炎药acetylsalicylicacid,aspirin乙酰水杨酸,阿司匹林acetaminophen对乙酰氨基酚phenylbutazone保泰松indomethacin吲哚美辛，消炎痛ibuprofen异丁苯丙酸，布洛芬piroxicam吡罗昔康meloxicam美洛昔康nimesulide尼美舒利calciumchannelblocker钙拮抗药verapamil,isoptin,维拉帕米,异搏定diltiazem地尔硫卓nifedipine硝苯地平，心痛定amlodipine氨氯地平felodipine非洛地平isradipine伊拉地平nisodipine尼索地平bepridil苄普地尔cinnarizine桂利嗪flunarizine氟桂利嗪perhexiline哌克昔林prenylamine普尼拉明nicardipine尼卡地平nimodipine尼莫地平nitrendipine尼群地平quinidine奎尼丁procainamide普鲁卡因胺lidocaine利多卡因propafenone普罗帕酮amiodarone胺碘酮sotalol索他洛尔adenosine腺苷digoxin地高辛digitoxin洋地黄毒苷deslanoside去乙酰毛花苷（西地兰）strophanthinK毒毛花苷Kangiotensinconvertingenzymeinhibitors(ACEI)酶抑制剂captopril卡托普利enalpril依那普利losartan氯沙坦valsartan缬沙坦irbesartan厄贝沙坦metoprolol美托洛尔carvedilol卡维洛尔bisoprolol比索洛尔vesnarinone维司力农nitroglycerin硝酸甘油prodrug前药isosorbidedinitrate硝酸异山梨酯clofibrate氯贝特lovastatin洛伐他汀simvastatin辛伐他汀血管紧张素转化fluvastatin氟伐他汀cholestyramine考来烯胺nicotinicacid烟酸probucol普罗布考clonidine可乐定moxonidine莫索尼定prazosin哌唑嗪terazosin特拉唑嗪urapidil乌拉地尔hydralazine肼屈嗪sodiumnitroprusside硝普钠pinacidil吡那地尔minoxidil米诺地尔diazoxide二氮嗪indapamide吲达帕胺ketanserin酮色林diuretics利尿药furosemide呋塞米bumetanide布美他尼hydrochlorothiazide氢氯噻嗪chlortalidone氯噻酮spironolactone螺内酯triamterene氨苯蝶啶amiloride阿米洛利acetazolamide乙酰唑胺mannitol甘露醇heparin肝素low-molecular-weightheparins（LMWHs）低分子量肝素hirudin水蛭素dicoumarol双香豆素warfarin华法林ticlopidine噻氯匹啶dipyridamole双嘧达莫prostacyclin(PGI2)前列环素streptokinase(SK)链激酶urokinase(UK)尿激酶tissue-typeplasminogenactivator（t-PA）组织型纤溶酶原激活物anistreplase阿尼普酶vitaminK维生素Kerythropoietin(EPO)红细胞生成素granulocytecolony-stimulatingfactor（G-CSF）粒细胞集落刺激因子granulocyte-macrophagecolony-stimulatingfactor（GM-CSF）粒细胞/巨噬细胞集落刺激因子dextran右旋糖酐diphenhydramine苯海拉明promethazine异丙嗪astemizole阿司咪唑cimetidine西米替丁ranitidine雷米替丁famotidine法莫替丁nizatidine尼扎替丁ebrotidine乙溴替丁theophylline茶碱terbutaline特布他林formoterol福莫特罗salmeterol沙美特罗beclomethasone倍氯米松flunisolide氟尼缩松budesonide布地萘德sodiumcromoglycate色甘酸钠nedocromil奈多罗米omeprazole奥美拉唑(洛赛克losec)domperidone多潘立酮（吗丁林motilium）ondansetron昂丹司琼（奥丹西