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考 研 语 法 （英 语 一） 田静 Shadow 第一部分 简单句 第一章 简单句的核心 第一节 简单句的核心构成 简单句的核心构成 n. + v. 主语 谓语 11 谓语v.分类 1.有实义 （1）不及物动词 vi.→主谓 （2）及物动词 vt.→主谓宾 →主谓双宾 →主谓宾补 2.无实义→（连）系动词→主系表 主谓 Everybody else loses. (2019, Reading Comprehension, Part B) Smaller species survived. (2006, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 3) 主谓宾 Everybody loves a fat pay rise. (2005, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 1) Yet science has a cultural history, too... (2017, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 2) Several of his staff members have military‐intelligence backgrounds. (2003, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 1) 主谓双宾 They gave justices permanent positions... (2012, Use of English) … railroads charged all customers the same average rate... (2003, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 3) They gave permanent positions to justices ... 主谓宾补 You always keep your eyes open ... (2004, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 1) The spooks call it open source intelligence, ... (2003, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 1) 主系表 “这是一个危险的游戏。” This is a dangerous game ... (2005, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 2) 主系表 ‐ 系动词 1.be动词 单独使用 2. get become turn go grow “变得” 3. look sound smell taste feel 感官动词 “看／听／闻／尝／感觉起来......” 4. seem appear / keep remain / prove … many discussions are not so successful. (2019, Reading Comprehension, Part B) … their behavior became markedly different. (2005, Reading Comprehension, Part A, Text1) And most folks still feel pretty comfortable about their ability... (2004, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 3) The prospect seems remote. (2010, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 1) … unification of sorts remains a major goal. (2012, Translation) 简单句的核心构成 谓语v.分类 1. 有实意 （1） 不及物动词 vi.→主谓 （2） 及物动词 vt.→主谓宾 →主谓双宾 →主谓宾补 2. 无实意→（连）系动词→主系表 简单句的核心构成 – 真题演练 These views of arguments also undermine reason. (2019, Reading Comprehension, Part B) More apparent reasonableness followed. (2014, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 1) … they suddenly became extinct. (2006, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 3) … poetry of many kinds gave him great pleasure. (2008, Translation) … our president calls himself “the Decider”. (2009, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 1) 简单句的核心构成 – 考场攻略 攻略1: 简化句子 －不及物动词 A parallel situation exists in respect of predatory mammals and fish‐eating birds. (2010, Translation) 攻略2: 找到分裂结构 －及物动词 On the other hand, he did not accept as well founded the charge ... (2008, Translation) On the other hand, he did not accept ？ as well founded the charge ... On the other hand, he did not accept the charge as well founded... (2008, Translation) 攻略3: 判断从句 宾语从句－及物动词后 表语从句－系动词后 第一部分 简单句 第一章 简单句的核心 第二节 简单句的核心变化：谓语动词的时态 主语 + 谓语V. ↓ 4种变化： •时态 •情态 •语态 •否定 谓语动词的时态 时态？ 如何体现？ 一共多少种？ 时 态 过去 现在 将来 过去将来 一般 进行 完成 完成进行 一般过去时 谓语动词 = did •India released its AI ethics strategy this spring. (2019, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 3) •… this city was one of the largest human settlements in the world. (2014, Reading Comprehension, Part B) 一般现在时 谓语动词 = do / does •The goal is new‐search, not re‐search. (2012, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 3) 一般现在时 谓语动词 = do / does •But most law graduates never get a big‐firm job. (2014, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 2) •Pearson also predicts a breakthrough in computer‐human links. (2001, Translation) 一般将来时 谓语动词 = will do am/is/are going to do •We will have a less civil society. (2004, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 4) •Who’s going to pay for the rest of the bill? (2003, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 3) 一般将来时 谓语动词 = will do am/is/are going to do •… the problems will be different. (2002, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 1) 一般将来时 谓语动词 = will do am/is/are going to do •Clearly, only the biggest and most flexible television companies are going to be able to compete in such a rich and hotly‐contested market. (2005, Translation) (一般)过去将来时 谓语动词 = would do was/were going to do •They gave justices permanent positions so they would be free to upset those in power ... (2012, Use of English) (一般)过去将来时 谓语动词 = would do was/were going to do •… it simply didn’t foresee what would happen next. (2012, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 2) 一般时态： 一般过去时 did 一般现在时 do / does 一般将来时 will do am/is/are going to do (一般)过去将来时 would do was/were going to do 过去进行时 谓语动词 = was/were doing •He was searching for tiny engraved seals... (2014, Reading Comprehension, Part B) 过去进行时 谓语动词 = was/were doing •Within two weeks, he was talking for the first time with the board of Hartford Financial Services Group... (2011, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 2) 现在进行时 谓语动词 = am/is