公共财政金融支农与农村金融改革基于贵州省及其样本县的调查分析

3:,,,;,,,,,:3,,:100032;,,:100800,:[e-mail],,,,,,,,,,,,(,2003)2070,McKinnon(1973),,,(Besley,1994)(Fry,1995),,,,,,(Adams,D.,Graham,D.,andVonPischke,J.,1984)20047,26,,,,6,,,601:,,,2090,,:,,,,,,(),,,20002716%,,,,(),(,2004),200333214,12416217,21060%80%6,4,480%,60%,,,12003(:)11()144211049732360101533031814421()()104408872217608960192271044021()196271044532515100813015316446:()96785457153305059186029529()446826114994351160602973()()122223775921151154913744(,)425962701032200:2,,80%,,,,,,70120064,,,,2()211%8411%9018%018%2012%:2002,2003,,,3,,2917%,,,,32001()()431317%18367501610%273417371118%9151134113%86361795712%6905123134,1032,3412003,818%,5882003,1711%,,812%,812%2003,513%,1211%,,,7511%1011%42003(:)PPPP4201153418180475882845686717%2858316%5889107210%4868217%500011%1013%21300216%7112%556001312%27719%52087614%24411%794471819%28812%1557501910%711211%,,,801:,,,,,,;,,,20,:,(),,,,,,,,,(,2004):,;,,;,,(),,,20012004598394,,,,,,20033%(5),,,,2003,3,2,200090126%200176132%200278118%200369184%,2003(),,,,20021998,200020034512388171,8152116,690120064(20012004),,,,,5()(:)2000200120022003661396217159141581551165171621085818458105:651596118758149571721016801630157015711179211912515148159116618486125116137137186:(1)4411571958318998103(2)71648194912101122141335189911210172515111137242418131411434015436518542419211147147127134130177135117:(1)914610104161842718(2)8118710361426108(3)618161656119611521156129199196227189259112:,200381,,,(1189%),(41131%),,,():,,,,,19983,,;2001,,,,,200066139200358155,7184,,20000168,20030150(5)(),011:20002003,71117148159,77142;,441103498103,53192,40%,513124181,?,,,,20037000,1,;40001400,,649(:%)19992000200120022003P100100100100100P94157116931578137519P4829261920P7156604861P235829P223227264204164P(++)291232112816361940186,70%,,P(),120012816%,20034018%,,,,,,,,,,,,,,;,,(,);,,,,,,,,11120064:20%,50%,100%,,,:,,?,,?,,,,;,,,,,,,20002004,,200042004772003P381100102446411184171193112(,)19101610010873114517245141218792114115,,72003,,15%,,,(Yaron,J1,Benjamin,M1andGrerda,P1,1997),,,,,,,,,:,,,,,,,;;;,,,211:,,,,,,,,,,,,;;;;,;,,,,,,,,,,,(),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,2004:,,1986:,[],,2004:,12,2003:,,1Adams,D.,Graham,D.andVonPischke,J.,1984,UnderminingRuralDevelopmentwithCheapCredit,WestviewPress,Boulder,CO.Besley,T.,1994,HowDoMarketFailuresJustifyInterventionsinRuralCreditMarket?TheWorldBankResearchObserver,9(1):2747.FryMaxwellJ,1995,Money,Interest,andBankinginEconomicDevelopment,SecondEdition,TheJohnsHopkinsUniversityPress,BaltimoreandLondon.McKinnon,R.I.,1973,MoneyandCapitalinEconomicDevelopment,WashingtonDC:TheBrookingsInstitution.WooWingThye,2003,ChinapsRuralEnterprisesinCrisis:RoleofInadequateFinancialIntermediation,EconomicsDepartment,UniversityofCalifornia,Davis.Yaron,J.,Benjamin,M.andGrerda,P.,1997,RuralFinance:Issues,Design,andBestPractices,EnvironmentallySustainable31120064DevelopmentStudiesandMonographs,No.14,WorldBank,WashingtonD.C.PublicFinance,FinancialSupporttoRuralAreaandRuralFinanceReform:AnalysisofSurveyinGuizhouProvinceandSampleCountiesXiePingandXuZhong(CentralSAFEInvestmentLtd.andPeoplepsBankofChina)Abstract:ThisstudyanalyzedtherelationshipbetweenpublicfinanceandruralfinanceinruralareasofGuizhouProvinceandsixsamplecounties.Datashowthatinsufficientpublicfinanceinvestmentdistortedfinancialsystem,andalsocausedruralfundoutflow,shortageofcreditsupplyandlowefficiencyofruralfinancialinstitutions.Torectifydistortedruralfinancialsystem,publicfinanceshouldplayproperroleintheruralarea,andsystematiceffortsarealsoneeded.KeyWords:PublicFinance;FinancialSupporttoRuralArea;RuralFinanceJELClassification:H230,J210,Q140(:)(:)(105)VillageElectionandIncomeDistribution:Evidencefrom48Villagesin8ProvincesYanShenandYangYao(ChinaCenterforEconomicResearch,PekingUniversity)Abstract:Usingvillageandhouseholdsurveydatacollectedfrom48villagesofeightChineseprovincesfortheperiod19862002,thispaperstudieshowtheintroductionofvillageelectionaffectsincomedistributionatthevillagelevel.TheGinicoefficientisusedtomeasureincomedistribution.Weestimatebothastaticandadynamicmodelandfindthatinthelongrun,theintroductionofelectionreducestheGinicoefficientby614%8%.Wealsostudytheeffectsofelectionovertimeandfindthattheyarethemostsignificantforthe3rd26thyearafterthefirstelection.TheseresultsprovidethefirstsetofevidencefortheroleofgrassrootsdemocracyinreducingincomeinequalityandpossessstrongpolicyimplicationsforChinatostrengthenvillageelection.KeyWords:GrassrootsDemocracy;IncomeDistribution;DynamicPanelModelsJELClassification:D310,D390(:)(:)411: