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、。。“”500。。。、、。。、、。、。。———6100542011-08-271959-、。。、。、、500。。。F270.7A1004-292X201206-0045-04OnIncentiveMechanismofCrowdsourcingInnovation———ByPrincipal-agentTheoryZHANGPeng，LURuo-yu（UniversityofElectronicScienceandTechnologyofChina，ChengduSichuan610054，China）Abstract：CrowdsourcingInnovationisanemergingmulti-agentsinnovativeideaandmethodbasedontheinteractionfunctionedbyanewweb2.0.Itreferstoacompanysubcontractingtasksinavoluntaryformtonon-directedinternetpublic(usuallyahugenumberof)whichusedtobedonebyemployeesinsidethecompany.Thisinnovationmethod———whichpresentsdemocracy,equality,participatorycultureandcollectiveintelligenceandthecharacteristicsofinnovationofnetworkorganization———islikedandappliedbymanyfortune500companies.CrowdsourcingisactuallyakindofPrincipal-agentactivity.ThispaperfocusedontheanalysisofincentivemechanismofCrowdsourcingInnovationusingPrincipal-agenttheorytodiscusswhatkindofincentivemechanismshouldacompanysettoencourageparticipantstoinnovation.Thepaperalsotalksaboutthedifferentimpactsofdifferentincentivemechanisms.Keywords：Crowdsourcinginnovation；Principal-agenttheory；Incentivemechanisms；Innovationincentives45··20126。、。。。。。、。、、、、。。。1。、。。。。。。。。、、。、、IBMStarbucks。。Innocentive、Starbucks、。。。。akw0c(a)=ma2mm＞0坠c(a)坠a＞0坠2c(a)坠a2＞0。maxw0[ka(w0)-w0]S.T.(IC)maxa[w0-c(a)](IR)w0-c(a)叟CEa*(w0)=w0m姨E(y-w0)*=kw0m姨-w0。。。。。w=s+bysby。、。aabkεεεN(0σ2)。y=ka(b)+ε。U(x)=-e-rxxN(mν2)U′(x)=γe-rxU″(x)=-e-rxr2-U″(x)U′(x)=r。r＞1r＜1r=1c(a)=ma2mm＞0。坠c(a)坠a＞0坠2c(a)坠a2＞0。x=w-c(a)U[w-c(a)]=-e-γ[w-c(a)]EU=∞-∞乙re-rx·12πν姨·e-(x-m)22V·dx。EU=U(CE)-e-r(CE)=-e-r[m-rν2]CE=m-rν2=s+bka(b)-c(a)-12rb2σ2。。。。。。。。。1 1111111111111111111146··。、。a*(bk)=bk2m坠a(bk)坠k=b2m＞0ak。坠a(bk)坠b=k2m＞0。。。。坠b坠k=4mrσ2k(k2+2mrσ2)2＞0。。坠b坠r=-2mσ2(k2+2mrσ2)2＜0。。max{bs}[(1-b)ka*(b)-s]S.T.(IC)maxa(s+bka(b)-c(a)-12rb2σ2)(IR)s+bka(b)-c(a)-12rb2σ2叟CEa*(bk)=bk2mb=k2k2+2mrσ2E(y-w)*=k44m(k2+2mrσ2)s*=2mrσ2k4-k64m(k2+2mrσ2)2E(y-w0)*=kw0m姨-w0E(y-w)*=k44m(k2+2mrσ2)kk。、。、、。。。。。。。niysi=ksiasi(bsi)+εsiiwsi=ssi+bsiysi=ssi+bsi(ksiasi+εsi)csi(asi)=msiasi2Usi[wsi-csi(asi)]=-e-rsi[wsi-csi(asi)]。max{ssibsi}ni=1Σ[(1-bsi)ksiasi*(bsi)-ssi]S.T.(IC)maxasi(ssi+bsiksiasi(bsi)-csi(asi)-12rsibsi2σci2)i=12…n(IR)ssi+bsiksiasi(bsi)-csi(asi)-12rsibsi2σsi2叟CEsii=12…na*si(bsiksi)=bsiksi2msibsi=ksi2ksi2+2msirsiσsi2Esi(ysi-wsi)*=ni=1Σksi44msi(ksi2+2msirsiσsi2)ssi*=2msirsiσsi2ksi4-ksi64msi(ksi2+2msirsiσsi2)2。。。。。。Istockphoto。100%0100%。。max{scibci}[ni=1Σkciaci-ni=1Σ(sci+bcini=1Σkciaci)]S.T.(IC)maxaci(sci+bcini=1Σkciaci(bci)-msiaci2-12rcibci2σci2i=12…n(IR)sci+bcini=1Σkciaci(bci)-mciaci2-12rcibci2σci2叟CEi=12…naci(bcikciIi)=bcikcinj=1Σ坠acj坠aci2mci=bcikciIi2mciIi=nj=1Σ坠acj坠acibci=kci2Iikci2Ici2+2mcirciσci2aciacjj=12…n。Ijiacj＞aci1I1。Iaci。。。。I11。47··201262。2j=12…nI45°aiaj。。。sci=kci6Ii44mci(kci2Ii2+2mcirciσci2)2+rciσci2kci4Ii22(kci2Ici2+2mcirciσci2)2-kci2Ii(kci2Ici2+2mcirciσci2)ni=1Σkci4Ii2mci(kci2Ici2+2mcirciσci2)Eci(yci-wci)*=ni=1Σkci4Ici24mci(kci2Ici2+2mcirciσci2)I2i。、。。Eci(yci-wci)*-Esi(ysi-wsi)*=ni=1Σ4mi2riσi2ki4(Ii2-1)16mi2(ki2Ii2+2miriσi2)(ki2+2miriσi2)＞0I＞1ni=1Σ(Ii2-1)。bci-bsi=(ki2Ii-2miriσi2)(1-Ii)(ki2Ii2+2miriσi2)(ki2+2miriσi2)ki2Ii-2miriσi2。Ii=1i=12…n。。λci＞λsiibsi*＞bci*。、。asi*＞aci*、。λci＜λsi。。msi＞mciiibsi*＜bci*。asi*＜aci*。msi＜mci。、。。。。。。。。。。【】[1].-[M].2009(6)19-20.[2]JeffHowe.TheriseofCrowdsourcing[M].Wired2006(6).[3]VonHippeE.andVonKroghG.OpenSourceSoftwareandPrivate-Colle-ctiveInnovationMode:lIssuesforOrganizationScience[J].OrganizationScience200314(2)209-223.[4]VonHippelE.InnovationbyUserCommunitiesLearningfromOpen-Sour-ceSoftware[J].MITSloanManage-mentReview200142(4)82-86.[5].OnOperatingMechanismofCrowdsourcingServiceInnova-tion[J].The8thIEEEConferenceonServiceSystemsandServiceManagem-ent2011(6).[6].[J].2010.WD48··