学术论文的语言特点

2学术论文的语言特点一．长短句的结合重要论点或技术性很强的信息－－－短句几个长句＋一个短句的节奏二．人称的使用I------WeWebelieve,Werecommend,Wepropose三．主动－被动Weprovethattheresultsreflectthe…Revised:Itisprovedthattheresultsreflectthe…避免使用youYoucanseefromtheresultsinFigure1,…Revised:AsisshowninFigure1,…四.选择更加正式的语言表达A．正式的形容词alot,many---numerous,various,…例：Therearemanydifferentreasons.Revised:Therearenumerousreasons.对于方法的评价语言必然涉及到的形容词:少用good,bad,great,nice,poor，寻求更加书面的表达描述研究的“好”和“坏”的正式形容词归纳：PositiveNegativeinnovativeflawedsignificantunsatisfactoryrigorousthinimpressivesloppyremarkableunwarrantedelegantlimitedB.正式的副词Very---highly,extremely,quite,rather…C.正式的动词Get---receive,obtain,achieve…Theauthorreported/showed/proposed/developed/observed/demonstrated/presented……Theauthorcontends/maintains/implied/claims……Theauthorpointsout/notes/stresses/emphasizes/paysparticularattentionto……D.其他正式用语惯例(1)避免使用缩写Don’t,can’t,isn’tdonot,cannot,isnot(2)否定形式的否定句肯定形式的否定句doesnot,donot,havenot,cannot…fail,miss,lack,neglect,deny,farfrom…(3)避免不确定的语言etc.标题TitleIncludethetopicofthestudyIncludethescopeofthestudyMakeiteasytounderstandwithoutreadingfirstIncludekeywordstocategorizeandfindinsearchesFollowstandardcapitalizationforyourfield(NOTALL)IEEE://反例：Whatismemory？OptimumAssociativeNeuralNetworkUtilizingMaximumLikelihood摘要Abstract全文的缩影ConferenceProgramAbstract所应该包含的内容：developedmethodof…ConcludingsentencesTheresultoftheexperimentsindicatethat…Ourworkinvolving…provingtobeencouraging.Inthispaper,anewlearningruleandtheoreticalanalysisofanextendedbidirectionalassociativememorynetwork(MLBAM)ispresented,byusingthemaximumlikelihoodcriterionbasedontwowellrecognizedandessentialcriteria,i.e.,theconvergenceofthelearningrule,andthenoisetoleranceofthisnetwork.Traditionalmethodsfailtodistinguishhighlyapproximativepatterns.However,themethodinourstudycanimprovethisbyusingthenewlydevelopedmethodofmaximumlikelihoodcriterion.Inaddition,thelearningapproachguaranteesthatcorrelatedpatternscouldbeassociatedasastablestateandthenetworkpossessesexcellentanti-noisepropertybyusinglikelihoodfunction,namely,thelearningapproachspecializesinthesituationincludingstochasticdisturbance.Additionally,theassociativecapabilityofthebidirectionalassociativememoryisspecificallydiscussed.Finally,twoexperimentsareusedtocertifythevalidityandefficiencyofourmethod,especiallythemethod’sexcellentanti-noisepropertybyusinglikelihoodfunction.介绍IntroductionEstablishandNarrowthetopic建立/缩小主题Literaturereview研究评价（发展过程趋势）Investigationneeded(Gap)指出空白Purposeofyourresearch研究目的Valueofyourresearch研究价值Outline文章结构EstablishthetopicGeneralstatementabouttheareaofresearchbeingfocusedonestablishingthenarrowedresearchtopic研究大主题/背景---论文研究小主题Establishingexpression例：Thesolutionof……isafundamentalmathematicalproblemwhicharisesinmanyfieldsof…….Theaimistosolveasetof……simultaneously.Thesolutionofalinearsystemofequationsisafundamentalmathematicalproblemwhicharisesinmanyfieldsofengineeringandscience.Theaimistosolveasetoflinearequationssimultaneously.例:Recentadvancesinmolecularbiologysuchascloningdemonstratethatincreasinglycomplexmicromanipulationstrategiesformanipulatingindividualbiologycellsarerequired.Microroboticsystemshavethepotentialtochangethewayinwhichbiologicalcellsarestudiedandmanipulatedbyenablingcomplexbiomanipulationtechniques.(InternationalJournalofRoboticsResearch,pp.64-75,2002)LiteratureReviewTrendsintheresearchHistoricaldevelopmentofthisareaDifferentmethodologiesused研究发展趋势--不同方法的优缺点--最具特征的研究方法……havebeennotedtobeconducivetoolsformanyapplications.……isoneofthemajortopicsinneuralnetworks.……introduced……whichispowerfulandhasbeenuniversallynoted[1]-[2]…….hasbeenextendedtobe……by……[3]-[4].In……,……presentedthetheoryof……bygeneralizing…….However,thedefectofthistraditionallearningruleisobviousthat……islimitedanditfailsto……[8]-[17].……havebeennotedtobeconducivetoolsformanyapplications.……isoneofthemajortopicsinneuralnetworks.……introduced……whichispowerfulandhasbeenuniversallynoted[1]-[2]…….hasbeenextendedtobe……by……[3]-[4].In……,……presentedthetheoryof……bygeneralizing…….However,thedefectofthistraditionallearningruleisobviousthat……islimitedanditfailsto……[8]-[17].……havebeennotedtobeconducivetoolsformanyapplications.……isoneofthemajortopicsinneuralnetworks.……introduced……whichispowerfulandhasbeenuniversallynoted[1]-[2].…….hasbeenextendedtobe……by……[3]-[4].In……,……presentedthetheoryof……bygeneralizing…….However,thedefectofthistraditionallearningruleisobviousthat……islimitedanditfailsto……[8]-[17].EstablishtheGap(Need)---指出不足Severalstudieshavesuggestedassociationsbetweenestrogenandmoodstatessuchasdepressionandanxiety.Similarly,manystudieshaveexploredtherelationshipbetweensmokinganddepression.However,littlehasbeendonetoinvestigatethedirecteffectofestrogenonsmokinginwomensmokers.说明不足的方法和句式总结构成否定（negativeconstructions）Littleresearchhasbeendoneon…Littleworkhasfocusedon…XXXhasbeengivenlimitedattentionFewattemptshavebeenmadeto…Fewstudieshaveexamined…Nodatahavefoundarelationshipbetween