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ShakespeareSonnet18(Book1P118)ShallIcomparetheetoasummer'sday?我能否将你比作夏天,Thouartmorelovelyandmoretemperate.你比夏天更美丽温婉。RoughwindsdoshakethedarlingbudsofMay,狂风将五月的蓓蕾凋残，Andsummer'sleasehathalltooshortadate.夏日的勾留何其短暂。Sometimetoohottheeyeofheavenshines,休恋那丽日当空，Andoftenishisgoldcomplexiondimmed;转眼会云雾迷蒙。Andeveryfairfromfairsometimedeclines,休叹那百花飘零，Bychanceornature'schangingcourseuntrimmed;催折于无常的天命。Butthyeternalsummershallnotfade,唯有你永恒的夏日常新，Norlosepossessionofthatfairthouow'st你的美貌亦毫发无损。NorshallDeathbragthouwander'stinhisshade死神也无缘将你幽禁，Whenineternallinestotimethougrow'st,你在我永恒的诗中长存。Solongasmencanbreathe,oreyescansee,只要世间尚有人吟诵我的诗篇，Solonglivesthis,andthisgiveslifetothee.这诗就将不朽，永葆你的芳颜。Notestemperate(2):i.e.,evenly-tempered;notovercomebypassion.theeyeofheaven(5):i.e.,thesun.everyfairfromfairsometimedeclines(7):i.e.,thebeauty(fair)ofeverythingbeautiful(fair)willfade(declines).nature'schangingcourse(8):i.e.,thenaturalchangesagebrings.thatfairthouow'st(10):i.e.,thatbeautyyoupossess.ineternallines...grow’st(12):Thepoetisusingagraftingmetaphorinthisline.Graftingisatechniqueusedtojoinpartsfromtwoplantswithcordssothattheygrowasone.Thusthebelovedbecomesimmortal,graftedtotimewiththepoet'scords(hiseternallines).Forcommentaryonwhetherthissonnetisreallyonelongexerciseinself-glorification,pleaseseebelow.1.ShallIcomparetheetoasummer'sday?Thisistakenusuallytomean'WhatifIweretocomparetheeetc?'Thestockcomparisonsofthelovedonetoallthebeauteousthingsinnaturehoverinthebackgroundthroughout.Thisquestioniscomparinghertothesummertimeoftheyear.Itisduringthistimewhentheflowersareblooming,treesarefullofleaves,theweatheriswarm,anditisgenerallythoughtofasanenjoyabletimeduringtheyear.2.Thouartmorelovelyandmoretemperate:Theyouth'sbeautyismoreperfectthanthebeautyofasummerday.moretemperate-moregentle,morerestrained,whereasthesummer'sdaymighthaveviolentexcessesinstore,suchasareabouttobedescribed.3.RoughwindsdoshakethedarlingbudsofMay,MaywasasummermonthinShakespeare'stime,becausethecalendarinuselaggedbehindthetruesiderealcalendarbyatleastafortnight.darlingbudsofMay-thebeautiful,muchlovedbudsoftheearlysummer;favouriteflowers.4.Andsummer'sleasehathalltooshortadate:Legalterminology.Thesummerholdsaleaseonpartoftheyear,buttheleaseistooshort,andhasanearlytermination(date).5.Sometimetoohottheeyeofheavenshines,Sometime=onoccasion,sometimes;theeyeofheaven=thesun.6.Andoftenishisgoldcomplexiondimmed,hisgoldcomplexion=his(thesun's)goldenface.Itwouldbedimmedbycloudsandonovercastdaysgenerally.7.Andeveryfairfromfairsometimedeclines,Allbeautifulthings(everyfair)occasionallybecomeinferiorincomparisonwiththeiressentialpreviousstateofbeauty(fromfair).Theyalldeclinefromperfection.8.Bychance,ornature'schangingcourseuntrimmed:Bychanceaccidents,orbythefluctuatingtidesofnature,whicharenotsubjecttocontrol,nature'schangingcourseuntrimmed.untrimmed-thiscanrefertotheballast(trimming)onashipwhichkeepsitstable;ortoalackofornamentanddecoration.Thegreaterdifficultyhoweveristodecidewhichnounthisadjectivalparticipleshouldmodify.Doesitrefertonature,orchance,oreveryfairinthelineabove,ortotheeffectofnature'schangingcourse?KDJaddsacommaaftercourse,whichprobablyhastheeffectofdirectingthewordtowardsallpossibleantecedents.Shepointsoutthatnature'schangingcoursecouldrefertowomen'smonthlycourses,ormenstruation,inwhichcaseeveryfairinthepreviouslinewouldrefertoeveryfairwoman,withtheimplicationthattheyouthisfreeofthiscyclicalcurse,andisthereforemoreperfect.9.Butthyeternalsummershallnotfade,Referringforwardstotheeternitypromisedbytheeverlivingpoetinthenextfewlines,throughhisverse.10.Norlosepossessionofthatfairthouow'st,Norshallit(youreternalsummer)loseitsholdonthatbeautywhichyousorichlypossess.ow'st=ownest,possess.Bymetonymyweunderstand'norshallyouloseanyofyourbeauty'.11.Norshalldeathbragthouwander'stinhisshade,Severalhalfechoeshere.Thebiblicalonesareprobably'Ohdeathwhereisthysting?Orgravethyvictory?'implyingthatdeathnormallyboastsofhisconquestsoverlife.AndPsalms23.3.:'YeathoughIwalkthroughthevalleyoftheshadowofdeathIwillfearnoevil'Inclassicalliteraturetheshadesflittedhelplesslyintheunderworldlikegibberingghosts.12.Whenineternallinestotimethougrow'st,ineternallines=intheundyinglinesofmyverse.Perhapswithareferencetoprogeny,andlinesofdescent,butitseemsthattheprocreationthemehasalreadybeenabandoned.totimethougrow'st-youkeeppacewithtime,yougrowastimegrows.13.Solongasmencanbreathe,oreyescansee,Foraslongashumansliveandbreatheupontheearth,foraslongasthereareseeingeyesontheearth.14.Solonglivesthis,andthisgiveslifetothee.Thatishowlongtheseverseswilllive,celebratingyou,andcontinuallyrenewingyourlife.Butoneisleftwithaslightresidualfeelingthatperhapstheyouth'sbeautywilllastnolongerthanasummer'sday,despitethepoet'sproudboast.FigureofSpeechRhetoricalquestioning:The1stline,tousedtocreateatoneofrespect,andtoengagetheaudienceMetaphor:Shakespeareopensthepoemwithametaphor,comparingthewomanhelovestoallofthebestcharacteristicsofasummer'sday.Whenwethinkaboutsummer,manyattributescometomind,suchaswarmth,sunshine,fun,andrelaxat