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Unit8SectionALanguageFocusWordsinUse1.Themaintaskforthetroopthereisnotfightingbut(arresting)theprogressoftheenemyarmyandwaitingforreinforcements().2.Healwaysanxiouslysummarizestheconcessionswhichhehasmadebuthealmostalways(omits)tomentionthoseofferedbytheotherparty.3.Shewasanexcellentteacher,whose(optional)coursesonwomen'swritingwereverypopularamongthestudents.4.Itwillbeuptothedoctor'sjudgmentwhetherornottheorgancanbesuccessfully(transplanted)tothechildwhohasbeenwaitingforit.5.Teacherscannolongerusetheirpastexperiencestopreparestudentsfortheirfuturecareer;(hence),ouryoungpeopleneedtorelyonthemselves.6.Accurateandinaccurateinformationismixedsonaturallythattherearenoreliablewaystotellwhathasbeen(twisted)andwhathasnot.7.Thatwealthylady'sdemandonapremaritalagreementgreatly(stung)herfuturehusband'spride,anditendedupwithhisrefusaltogetmarried.8.WhenIopenedthealbum,Icarefullyexaminedeveryphotographin(minute)detailbywearingmyreadingglassessoasnottomissanything.9.ItseemsthatJameshasatalentforactingbecausehecan(imitate)differentteachers'speechesperfectly,whichreallyamazeshisclassmates.10.Smokingiscomparedtoself-poisoningandself-destroying,thusmakingthe(evil)effectsofsmokingcigarettestrulyalarming.WordBuilding1.interfere2.thrill3.scarcely4.specifically5.consume6.deceive7.invade8.proceed1.interference2.thriller3.scarce4.specific5.consumption/consumer6.deception7.invasion/invader8.procession1.Multinationalcorporationsprotestedstronglyagainstanyunreasonable(interference)bysomecountriesinthefreemarketplace.2.Atthetimearealthreatofa(n)(invasion)oftheBritishIslesexisted,sotheBritishtroopsweregatheredaroundthecoastlinetogetreadytofightagainstaninvadingfleet.3.(Consumption)isrelativelylow,anditshowsthattheeconomicprobleminthecountrystemsfromthedangeroussideeffectsofcarelesspoliticsandwidespreadpoverty.4.Thewedding(procession)wasofanenormoussizeandenormoussplendor,whichwasstartedhomewardandfollowedbyalargebanquetataluxuryhotel.5.WhendoingwritingexercisesforthatEnglishcourse,studentsshouldrememberthattheyarewritingaccordingto(specific)structures.6.Amongclosefamilyandgoodfriends,(deception)istheworstpartoflife,andwebelieveinpracticinggoodfaithandhonesty.7.Jobsare(scarce)atthemoment,soyoushouldberealisticinyourchoicesaboutthepay,workinghours,medicalbenefits,bonuses,etc.8.Thewriterwasthinkingaboutwritingsomekindof(thrillers)becauseitwouldhelphimbecomepopularthroughmakinghisplotmoreattractivetotheyoung.BankedClozeTheanimalrightsmovementisasocialmovementwhichseeksanendtousinganimalsintheresearch,food,clothing,andentertainmentindustries,(1)(hence)beingcalledanimalliberation.Itadvocatestheideathatthemostbasicinterestsofnon-humancreaturesshouldbe(2)(afforded)thesameconsiderationasthoseofhumanbeings.Advocates(3)(lobby)foranimalrightsfromdifferentaspects,rangingfromthefocusonanimalsufferinginlaboratoriestotheargumentthat(4)(insists)onnotcastinganimalsaspropertiesofhumanbeings.Despitethedifferentapproaches,advocatesbroadly(5)(consent)totheopinionthatanimalsshouldbeviewedasnon-humanmembersofthemoralcommunityandshouldbe(6)(omitted)frombeingfood,clothing,entertainment,orresearchsubjects.Theideaof(7)(awarding)rightstoanimalswinsthesupportofseveralprominentscholars.However,somecriticsarguethatanimalsareunabletoenterintoasocialcontractormoral(8)(compass)andforthatreasoncannotbegrantedrights.Onlyhumanshavedutiesand,therefore,onlyhumanshaverights.Thereisnothingwrongor(9)(evil)aboutusinganimalsasresourcessolongasthereisnounnecessarysuffering.Fromwithintheanimalrightsmovementitself,therehasalsobeen(10)(criticism)ofcertainformsofanimalrightsactivism,inparticularthedestructionoffurfarmsandanimallaboratories.LanguageFocusExpressionsinUse1.Somepeoplehave(persistedin)atraditionalviewthatlanguagelearningisessentiallythesameasthelearningofgrammarorlanguagerules.2.Regularreviewoftheteachingmaterialinschoolensuresthatthecoursesprovided(haverelevanceto)theworkplaceandwhatstudentswilldointhefuture.3.Jobopportunitiesareexpandingrapidly,andmoreandmorepeopleare(becomingawareof)onlinechancesthatallowthemtoworkathome.4.Theyhaveputoldwomeninnursinghomes,(isolatedfrom)humanwarmthandcontact,andthencomplainedthattheyhadlosttheirmentalabilities.5.Someorganizationsareexploitinglocalpeople(inthenameof)scientificresearch:Theyarecollectinggeneticmaterialforcommercialpurposes.6.Daycarecentersfortheelderly(makeacontribution)tooverallpublicservice;theydidalottomakethelifeoftheoldactive,valuableandmeaningful.7.Thepolicemanhas(beenoccupiedwith)extraduties,sohewouldnothavethetimeeitherforansweringquestionsorbeinginterviewed.8.Whatthechairmansaiddidnot(tipthescales)muchtohisadvantage;hisstatementcanbeonlyconsideredasaslimchanceforgainingapproval.TranslationTheWorldWideFundforNature(WWF)isaninternationalnon-governmentalorganizationworkingonissuesregardingtheconservation,researchandrestorationoftheenvironment.TheorganizationwasoriginallynamedtheWorldWildlifeFundin1961.In1986,itchangeditsnametoWorldWideFundforNaturetobetterreflectthescopeofitsactivities.Withoverfivemillionsupportersw