(完整版)海洋生物学复习题汇总

1.:2.3.4.115.6.7.208.9.10.11.Salinity12.100013.14.15.16.17.18.19.20.21..22.23.131024.25.26.27.28.29.30.31.32.2n33.n1n34.35..36.37.cnidoblast38.39.40.41.42.43.44.45.46.47.48.49.50.51.52.53.54.55.:56.12345678910111213ATP14151617a18192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445464748495051--------525354PCBs12345,6789101112131415161718192021222324.25.26272829303132333435363738394041424344455%20%10%464748495051525354555661%80%5758596061626364656667686970711.Thebasicfunctionoftheholdfastistoattachtheplanttothesubstrateandabsorbsnutrientsfortheplantasdotrueroots.()2.Intemperateandhighlatitudes,bluegreenalgaespeciesusuallydominatethemarinebenthicvegetation.()3.Theisotonicanimalscanmaintainacontrolledinternalbodytemperatureusingitsownheatingandcoolingmechanisms.()4.OxygenintheformofO2isnecessaryforthesurvivalofallmarineorganisms.()5.VegetativereproductionislackinginthepelagicspeciesofSargassumbutnotintheattachedbenthicformsofthesamegenus.()6.Binominalnomenclatureisreferredtoasanorganismthatregulatesitsinternalconcentrationofsalts.()7.Infine-grainedmudflat,sedimentparticlesarepackedsolooselythatlittlewatercanflowthrough..()8.Evolutionaryadaptationsoccurwithinoneslifetime,areaccomplishedbyindividuals,andsometimesshowimmediateresults.()9.Heterotrophsareself-nourishingorganismscapableofabsorbingsolarenergyandphoto-syntheticallybuildinghigh-energyorganicsubstancessuchascarbohydrates.()10.Nanoplanktonsareusuallylessthan5minsize,whilemicro-planktonsrangedfrom20to200m.()11.Incontrasttothecyclicflowofmaterials,theflowofenergyinecosystemsisunidirectional,fromthesunthroughtheautotrophstotheconsumersanddecomposers.()12.Anemonehasnoalternationofgenerationbutpolypsonly.()13.Therangeofcrustaceanhabitatsvariesgreatly,fromburrowingghostshrimptoplanktonicbarnaclesandparasiticcopepods.()14.Sharksdifferfrombonyfishbytheirskeletonsofcartilageandbytheabsenceofaswimbladder.()15.TheH2Sisresponsibleforthememorablerotten-eggodorandblackcolor,socharacteristicofanaerobicmarinemuds.()1.Bonyfishdifferfromsharksbytheirskeletonsofcartilageandbytheabsenceofaswimbladder.()2.Asexualreproductionisthereproductionthatinvolvesthatunionofgametesfromtwoorganisms:amaleandafemale.()3.Theheterothermalanimalscanmaintainacontrolledinternalbodytemperatureusingitsownheatingandcoolingmechanisms.()4.OxygenintheformofO2isnotnecessaryforthesurvivalofallmarineorganisms.()5.Intemperateandhighlatitudes,bluegreenaglaespeciesusuallydominatethemarinebenthicvegetation.()6.Aerobicrespiration:theoxidationofmoleculesinthepresenceofoxygentoproduceenergy.()7.Ecologicaladaptationsoccurwithinoneslifetime,areaccomplishedbyindividuals,andsometimesshowimmediateresults.()8.Autotrophsareself-nourishingorganismscapableofabsorbingsolarenergyandphoto-syntheticallybuildinghigh-energyorganicsubstancessuchascarbohydrates.()9.Thelaternfish,likemanyoftheotherorganismsofthisfoodweb,isanopportunisticfeederanddoesnotspecializeononlyonetypeoffoodorganism.()10.Thereproductionaccomplishedbyasingleorganismiscalledasexualreproduction.()11.Incontrasttothecyclicflowofenergy,theflowofmaterialsinecosystemsisunidirectional,fromthesunthroughtheautotrophstotheconsumersanddecomposers.()12.Recentstudiesofcertainbenthiccommunitiesandfishpopulationsprovideexamplesofenergeticefficienciessignificantlyhigherthan10%.()13.Thebasicfunctionoftheholdfastistoattachtheplanttothesubstrateandtoabsorbnutrientsfortheplantasdotrueroots.()14.Infine-grainedmudflat,sedimentparticlesarepackedsolooselythatlittlewatercanflowthrough.()15TheH2Sisresponsibleforthememorablerotten-eggodorandblackcolorsocharacteristicofanaerobicmarinemuds.()1.N2O2CO2CO3.4.67.5-72.,,(18),,,3.4.5.6.7.8.S/VS/V9.10.11.12.13.a14.715.16.17.:270036:200030;18.19.12341.,..,,.,212n2343.DOM4.CO2