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201963PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessayontheimportanceofteamspiritandcommunicationintheworkplace.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________PartListeningComprehension(30minutes)2019622PartReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Steelisvaluedforitsreliability,butnotwhenitgetscold.Mostformsofsteel26becomebrittle()attemperaturesbelowabout-25unlesstheyaremixedwithothermetals.Now,though,anoveltypeofsteelhasbeendevelopedthatresists27atmuchlowertemperatures,whileretainingitsstrengthandtoughness-withouttheneedforexpensive28.Steel'sfragilityatlowtemperaturesfirstbecameamajorconcernduringtheSecondWorldWar.AfterGermanU-boatstorpedoed()numerousBritishships,a2700-strongfleetofcheap-and-cheerfulLibertyshipswasintroducedtoreplacethelostvessels,providingalifelineforthe29British.Butthesteelshellsofhundredsoftheships30intheicynorthAtlantic,and12brokeinhalfandsank.Brittlenessremainsaproblemwhenbuildingsteelstructuresincoldconditions,suchasoilrigsintheArctic.Soscientistshave31tofindasolutionbymixingitwithexpensivemetalssuchasnickel.YuujiKimuraandcolleaguesinJapantriedamorephysical32Ratherthanaddingothermetals,theydevelopedacomplexmechanicalprocessinvolvingrepeatedheatingandveryseveremechanicaldeformation,knownastempforming.Theresultingsteelappearstoachieveacombinationofstrengthandtoughnessthatis33tothatofmodemsteelsthatareveryrichinalloycontentand,therefore,veryexpensive.Kimura'steamintendstouseitstempformedsteeltomakeultra-highstrengthparts,suchasbolts.Theyhopetoreduceboththenumberof34neededinaconstructionjobandtheirweight-byreplacingsolidsupportswith35tubes,forexample.Thiscouldreducetheamountofsteelneededtomakeeverythingfromautomobilestobuildingsandbridges.A)abruptlyI)crackedB)additivesJ)fracturesC)approachK)hollowD)ardentlyL)relevantE)besiegedM)reshuffledF)channelN)strivedG)comparableO)violentH)componentsSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.Thefutureofpersonalsatellitetechnologyishere-arewereadyforit?A)Satellitesusedtobetheexclusiveplaythingsofrichgovernmentsandwealthycorporations.Butincreasingly,asspacebecomesmoredemocratized,theyarecomingwithinreachofordinarypeople.Justlikedrones()beforethem,miniaturesatellitesarebeginningtofundamentallytransformourconceptionsofwhogetstodowhatupaboveourheads.B)AsarecentreportfromtheNationalAcademyofScienceshighlights,thesesatellitesholdtremendouspotentialformakingsatellite-basedsciencemoreaccessiblethaneverbefore.However,asthecostofgettingyourownsatelliteinorbitdropssharply,therisksofirresponsibleusegrow.ThequestionhereisnolongerCanwe?butShouldwe?Whatarethepotentialdownsidesofhavingasliceofspacedenselypopulatedbyequipmentbuiltbypeoplenottraditionallylabeledasprofessionals?Andwhatwouldtheresponsibleandbeneficialdevelopmentanduseofthistechnologyactuallylooklike?Someoftheanswersmaycomefromanonprofitorganizationthathasbeenbuildingandlaunchingamateursatellitesfornearly50years.C)Havingyourpersonalsatellitelaunchedintoorbitmightsoundlikeanideastraightoutofsciencefiction.Butoverthepastfewdecadesauniqueclassofsatelliteshasbeencreatedthatfitsthebill:CubeSats.TheCubeheresimplyreferstothesatellite'sshape.ThemostcommonCubeSatisa10cmcube,sosmallthatasingleCubeSatcouldeasilybemistakenforapaperweightonyourdesk.Thesemini-satellitescanfitinalaunchvehicle'sformerlywastedspace.MultiplescanbedeployedincombinationformorecomplexmissionsthancouldbeachievedbyoneCubeSatalone.D)Withintheircompactbodiestheseminutesatellitesareabletohousesensorsandcommunicationsreceivers/transmittersthatenableoperatorstostudyEarthfromspace,aswellasspacearoundEarth.They'reprimarilydesignedforLowEarthOrbit(LEO)-aneasilyaccessibleregionofspacefromaround200to800milesaboveEarth,wherehuman-tendedmissionsliketheHubbleSpaceTelescopeandtheInternationalSpaceStation(ISS)hangout.Buttheycanattainmoredistantorbits;NASAplansformostofitsfutureEarth-escapingpayloads(tothemoonandMarsespecially)tocarryCubeSats.E)Becausethey'resosmallandlight,itcostsmuchlesstogetaCubeSatintoEarth'sorbitthanatraditionalcommunicationsorGPSsatellite.Forinstance,aresearchgroupherea