2018金钥匙科技竞赛(初三学生CESL活动)决赛试题(含答案)

812018CESL10090H:1C:12N:14O:16Na:23Mg:24P:31Cl:35.5Ca:40Fe:56Cu:64202401211112345678910111213141516171819201.2017JacquesDubochetJoachimFrankMRCRichardHendersonA.B.C.D.2.A.B.C.D.3.A.B.C.D.4.20175118A.OgB.118C.179D.2975.A.CO2B.C.D.6.A.B.C.D.827.A.1CO2B.2C.3D.48.A.CO2CO2B.C.CO2D.pH9.2017(N5)6(H3O)3(NH4)4ClA.(N5)6(H3O)3(NH4)4ClN51B.C.D.10.ABCD11.UaA.B.C.Na2O2CO2D.Na2O28312.COCOCO2A.B.C.D.13.16g200g3.6gA.B.C.9.8%D.180.4g14.2017TheJournalofPhysicalChemistryLettersXPS253KA.B.1nmC.D.9nm15.A.B.C.D.16.17.CuCl2A.B.C.D.CuCl28418.pHA.B.C.D.19.yA.O2B.C.MnO2D.20.CaCO38.0g50.0%A.2.0gCO2B.CaCO34.3gC.5.6gCaOD.CaCO33.0g11021.10a.b.c.d.e.f.g.h.i.j.|32622.623.12201751881000N2CO2CH4nH2O85CH4H2O19n=1224.8AB)UC2H5OH16g44gU36gwgCHOagUbgOwab21825.8Ba(OH)22~3Ba(OH)2H2SO4MA.MH+OH-H2OBa2+SO42-BaSO4B.MC.MH+Ba(OH)22~3Na2SO4A.B.C.Na+86N26.10CO2NaHCO3)Na2CO3+CO2+H2O2NaHCO3CO2CO221mL1627.(6Howtoknowwhetheranunknownisanacidorabase?Onecommonwayistowetlitmuspaperwithit.Acidsturnlitmuspaperred,whilebasesturnlitmuspaperblue.Aneutralchemicalwon'tchangethepaper'scolor.Whileyouhavenolitmuspaper,tasteandtouchmaybeusedtotellthemapart.Acidstendtotastesourandfeeldryingorastringentwhilebasestastebitterandfeelslipperyorsoapy.However,sincebothacidsandbasescanbecorrosive,youshouldn'ttestchemicalsbytastingortouchingthem!Examplesofhouseholdacidsand.basesyoucantestarevinegar(weakacid)andbakingsodasolution(abase).ThelitmuspaperinthefirstparagraphmeansinChinse.87A.B.C.Thetasteofacidislikethetasteof.A.sugarB.soapC.lemonWecantouchandtaste.A.alltheacidsandbasesB.orangejuiceC.sulfuricacidH2SO488