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GENERALSTANDARDFORBOTTLED/PACKAGEDDRINKINGWATERS(OtherthanNaturalMineralWaters)CXS227-2001Adoptedin2001.Amendedin2019.CXS227-200121.SCOPEThisStandardappliestowatersfordrinkingpurposesotherthanNaturalMineralWaters,asdefinedintheRevisedCodexStandardCXS108-1981,thatareprepackaged/bottled1andaresuitableforhumanconsumption.2.DESCRIPTION2.1Packagedwaters“Packagedwaters”,otherthannaturalmineralwaters,arewatersforhumanconsumptionandmaycontainminerals,naturallyoccurringorintentionallyadded;maycontaincarbondioxide,naturallyoccurringorintentionallyadded;butshallnotcontainsugars,sweeteners,flavouringsorotherfoodstuffs.2.1.1Watersdefinedbyorigin“Watersdefinedbyorigin”,whethertheycomefromtheundergroundorfromthesurface,definedunderthepresentstandardsharethefollowingcharacteristics:a)theyoriginatefromspecificenvironmentalresourceswithoutpassingthroughacommunitywatersystem;b)precautionshavebeentakenwithinthevulnerabilityperimeterstoavoidanypollutionof,orexternalinfluenceon,thechemical,microbiologicalandphysicalqualitiesofwateratorigin;c)collectingconditionswhichguaranteetheoriginalmicrobiologicalpurityandessentialelementsoftheirchemicalmake-upatorigin;d)fromthemicrobiologicalstandpoint,areconstantlyfitforhumanconsumptionattheirsourceandarekeptinthatstatewithparticularhygienicprecautionsuntilandwhilepackaginginaccordancewithprovisionsofsections3and4;e)arenotsubjecttoanymodificationortreatmentotherthanthosepermittedunderSection3.1.1.2.1.2Preparedwaters“Preparedwaters”arewatersthatdonotcomplywithalltheprovisionssetforwatersdefinedbyoriginundersubsection2.1.1.Theymayoriginatefromanytypeofwatersupply.3.ESSENTIALCOMPOSITIONANDQUALITYFACTORS3.1Modificationsandhandlingofpackagedwaters3.1.1PermittedphysicochemicalmodificationsandantimicrobialtreatmentsforthewatersdefinedbyoriginWatersdefinedbyoriginmustnot,priortopackaging,bemodifiedorsubjectedtotreatmentsotherthanthosedescribedinsubsectionsbelowwiththeprovisothatthesemodificationsortreatmentsandtheprocesses2usedtoachievethemdonotchangetheessentialphysicochemicalcharacteristicsnorcompromisethechemical,radiologicalandmicrobiologicalsafetyofthesewaterswhenpackaged:3.1.1.1Selectivetreatmentsthatmodifytheoriginalcomposition:•reductionand/oreliminationofdissolvedgases(andresultingpossiblechangeinpH);•additionofcarbondioxide(andresultingchangeinpH)orre-incorporationoftheoriginalcarbondioxidepresentatemergence;•reductionand/oreliminationofunstableconstituentssuchasiron,manganese,sulphur(asS0orS--)compoundsandcarbonatesinexcess,undernormalconditionsoftemperatureandpressure,ofthecalco-carbonateequilibrium;•additionofair,oxygenorozoneonconditionthattheconcentrationofby-productsresultingfromtheozonetreatmentisbelowthetoleranceestablishedunderSection3.2.1;•decreaseand/orincreaseintemperature;•reductionand/orseparationofelementsoriginallypresentinexcessofmaximumconcentrationsorofmaximumlevelsofradioactivitysetaccordingtoSection3.2.1.1AsdefinedinGeneralStandardfortheLabellingofPrepackagedFoods:“prepackagedfoodstobeofferedassuchtoconsumerorforcateringpurposes”.2TheseprocessesincludethetechniqueslistedinSection4.1oftheCodeofHygienicPracticeforBottled/PackagedDrinkingWaters(OtherThanNaturalMineralWaters)withtheprovisothatsuchtechniquescomplywiththeprovisionsoutlinedinSection3.2.1ofthepresentStandard.CXS227-200133.1.1.2AntimicrobialtreatmentsforthewatersdefinedbyoriginAntimicrobialtreatmentsmaybeusedsinglyorincombinationsolelyinordertoconservetheoriginalmicrobiologicalfitnessforhumanconsumption,originalpurityandsafetyofwatersdefinedbyorigin.3.1.2PhysicalandchemicalmodificationsandantimicrobialtreatmentsforpreparedwatersPreparedwaterscanbesubjectedtoanymicrobialtreatmentsandanytreatmentsthatmodifythephysicalandchemicalcharacteristicsoftheoriginalwateronconditionthatsuchtreatmentsresultinpreparedwatersthatcomplywithallprovisionsofSection3.2and4regardingthechemical,microbiologicalandradiologicalsafetyrequirementsforprepackagedwaters.3.2Chemicalandradiologicalqualityofpackagedwaters3.2.1Health-relatedlimitsforchemicalandradiologicalsubstancesNopackagedwatershallcontainsubstancesoremitradioactivityinquantitiesthatmaybeinjurioustohealth.Tothiseffect,allpackagedwatershallcomplywiththehealth-relatedrequirementsofthemostrecent“GuidelinesforDrinkingWaterQuality”publishedbytheWorldHealthOrganization.3.2.2AdditionofmineralsAnyadditionofmineralstowaterbeforepackagingmustcomplywiththeprovisionsoutlinedinthepresentstandardand,whereapplicable,withtheprovisionsintheGeneralPrinciplesfortheAdditionofEssentialNutrientstoFoods(CXG9-1987).4.FOODADDITIVESNoadditivesexceptfortheadditionofcarbondioxidetoproducecarbonatedproducts.5.HYGIENE5.1CodeofpracticeItisrecommendedthatallwaterscoveredbytheprovisionsofthisStandardbecollected,transported,stored,andifapplicabletreated,andpackagedinaccordancewiththeGeneralPrinciplesofFoodHygiene(CXC1-1991)andinaccordancewiththeCodeofHygienicPracticeforBottled/PackagedDrinkingWaters(OtherthanNaturalMineralWaters)(CXC48-2001).5.2ApprovalandinspectionofthesourceforwatersdefinedbyoriginInitiala