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赵文通学位英语解题方法指导—语法一、学位英语语法题命题特点涉及知识面广,涵盖了冠词、形容词、副词、动词、非谓语动词、定语从句及状语从句等。动词一直是考查的重点。二、学位英语语法题解题策略和方法1.还原法.2.一致法.3.标点法.4.题眼法1.还原法还原法,即句子结构分析法.很多单项选择题考点实为难度较小的简单句,但命题人往往通过加长句式,将陈述句改为疑问或感叹等句型,使用插入语,采用倒装和省略等手段使简单的句式复杂化,以增加干扰因素.解题时,同学们应通过句型分析弄清题干的来龙去脉,还原简单句的本来面目.主要有如下八种还原方式:1.将疑问句还原成陈述句【例】Whomisitupto____thematterA.decideB.todecideC.decidingD.decided【解析】将题干还原为陈述句:Itisuptosb.todecidethematter.答案为:B2将感叹句还原成陈述句【例】_____rolesheplayedinthefilm!NowondershehaswonanOscar.A.HowinterestingB.HowaninterestingC.WhatinterestingD.Whataninteresting【解析】将题干还原为陈述句:Sheplayedaninterestingroleinthefilm.因此答案为D3将被动语态还原成主动语态【例】Ourtimeshouldbemadefulluseof_____.A.studyB.studiedC.studyingD.tostudy【解析】将题干还原为成主动语态:Weshouldmakefulluseofourtimetostudy.因此答案为:D4将倒装语序还原成正常语序【例】Hereisanotebook,inwhich_____thenamesofthevisitors.A.writeB.writtenC.werewrittenD.waswritten【解析】将题干还原为正常语序:Thenamesofthevisitorswerewritteninthenotebook.因此答案为C。5将强调句式还原成一般句式【例】Itwas____thatresultedintheterriblecaraccident.A.becauseofhercarelessnessB.herbeingcarelessC.becauseshewascarelessD.shewassocareless【解析】将题干还原为一般句式:Herbeingcarelesswasresultedintheterriblecaraccident.因此答案为:B。6将先行词还原到定语从句中【例】Thestudyyouhavebeenmaking_____theancientChinesecharactersisaninstructivejob.A.toB.forC.ofD.from【解析】把定语从句先行词thestudy还原回从句中得出:YouhavebeenmakingthestudyoftheancientChinesecharacters.因此答案为:C7删除附加结构,将复杂句还原成简单句【例】Johnplaysfootball____,ifnotbetterthan,David.A.aswellB.aswellasC.sowellD.sowellas【解析】将插入语ifnotbetterthan删除得出:JohnplaysfootballaswellasDavid.因此答案为:B8将省略句还原成完整的句子【例】-----DoyouknowwhatTomdoesallday-----IknowhespendsatleastasmuchtimewatchingTVashe____hislessons.A.isdoingB.doesC.spendsinD.doesdoing【解析】将连词as后的从句还原完整,得出:…ashespends(in)doinghislessons.此句中的spends可用来代替.因此答案为:does2.一致法一致法是另一种句子结构分析法,即在解题时我们要注意句子前后的关系要一致,包括主谓一致,时态一致,代词一致,比较对象一致等等,以此找到解题的突破口.例如:【例】Themanrushedoutoftheroom,____intohiscarandstartedithurriedly,____togethomeassoonaspossible.A.got;hopedB.getting;andhopedC.got;hopingD.getting;hoped【解析】C从and可知,此题考查三个谓语动词rushed,got和started的并列,时态要一致,所以第一空要填got,而第二空hoping是伴随状语.【例】Writteninahurry,_________.A.PetermademanymistakesinthepaperB.TherearemanymistakesinthepaperC.wefoundsomemistakesinthepaperD.thepaperisfullofmistakes【解析】【解析】分词做状语时其逻辑主语必须与主句的主语保持一致.此题中writteninahurry的逻辑主语应该是paper所以选择和主语一致的选项D。【例】ThinkingaboutthefactthatIwasnotpreparedwellenough,and____tolosemyface,Igaveupthisyear'scivilserviceexam.didn'twantB.notwantedC.notwantingD.nottowant此题考查and连接的两个并列状语,前后形式要一致,notwanting,与前面的thinking一致,故选择C3.标点法在解答单项选择题时标点符号的作用不可忽视.在做题时一个标点符号可能就决定了一个题的答案.例如:【例】OurfirstdestinationwasIndianGreekinKansas.____wasthenthefrontier.A.ThatB.WhichC.WhatD.Then【解析】从前后句间的句号可知,后半句是独立的句子而非从句,因此不可以在句首使用从属连词.故答案为A。【例】Everyonewasontimeforthemeeting—_____Chris,who'susuallytenminuteslateforeverything.A.butB.onlyC.evenD.yet【解析】从破折号可知,符号后面的内容是对前面句子的补充说明.故答案为C。【例】Theybelievethatthespiritsarewiththebodyofthedeadpersonforthreedays;____there'salwayssomeonetostaywiththedeadbody.A.duringwhichtimeB.duringwhichC.duringwhenD.duringthistime【解析】由分号可知后半部分应该是一个独立的句子.故答案应为D4．题眼法题眼法即语境分析法.眼指的是题干中的解题关键信息,一旦抓住了它,就能掌握选择的依据.在解题时同学们应树立全局观和整体观,认真分析语境准确理解和把握信息并关注关键词句找出突破口.例如:(1)----Istherefogintheevening----There____be.I'llmakeaphonecalltofinditout(关键信息).A.mustB.wouldC.willD.might【解析】D(2)MostoftheEuropeansrefuseto(关键信息)acceptGMfood____Americansregarditas(关键信息)thefruitfromhightech.A.whenB.asC.whileD.themoment【解析】C(3)Unfortunately,whenIdroppedin,DoctorLi____forBeijingtojoininthefightagainstSARS,soweonlyhadtimeforafewwords(关键信息).A.justleftB.hadjustleftC.isjustleavingD.wasjustleaving【解析】D(4)Isthereanypossibilityofthefilm(关键信息)____inParisInternationalFestival.A.beingtriedoutB.tryingoutC.triedoutD.totryout【解析】A(5)____,but(关键信息)heinsistedthathe____toschool.A.Thoughhewasill;wentB.Havingbeenill;wentC.Havingbeenill;shouldgoD.Hewasill;go【解析】D总之,学位英语的单项选择题尽管只有十五个小题,但考查内容涉及面广并突出了综合性和语境化的特点.解题时,应结合语境,认真分析句子,灵活运用语法词汇知识,通过现象看本质,从而达到分析问巩固练习:1._____,theearthmovesaroundthesun.A.ItisknownthatB.WeallknowC.WhatweknowisD.Asweallknow—2.Duringthetestweweresupposedtostayinourseats,keepoureyesonourwork,_____toanyone.A.butcouldnottalkB.insteadofspeakingC.ratherthanspeakD.andnottospeak3.Thecountrylifehewasusedto____greatlysince1992.A.changeB.haschangedC.changingD.havechanged4.Noprogresswasmadeinthetradetalksasneithersidewouldaccepttheconditionsof_____.A.othersB.theotherC.eitherD.another5.-----Itis30yearssincewelastmet.------ButIstillrememberthestory,believeitornot,_____wegotlostonarainynight.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.when1、【解析】D(标点法)2、【解析】D(一致法)3、【解析】B(还原法—删除附加结构)4、【解析】B(题眼法)5、【解析】B(还原法—删除附加结构)6.When____help,oneoftensaysThankyou.orItiskindofyou.A.offeringB.toofferC.tobeofferedD.offered7._____hewasthelastmanIwantedtosee,Ididallinmypowertohelphim.A.AsB.NowthatC.ThoughD.However8.Whodidtheteacher_____thearticleA.havewrittenB.havewriteC.hadwrittenD.haswriting9.It'sfuntoseeallthefoodIhavemade____insuchashorttime.A.eatingB.tobeeatenC.beingeatenD.eaten10.Thespeech_____,alivelydiscussionstarted.A.beingdeliveredB.wasdeliveredC.bedeliveredD.havingbeendelivered6、【解析】D(一致法)7、【解析】C(题眼法)