英语语法:宾语从句讲解及其练习题(附答案)一,引导词 A,由that引导的陈述句性的宾语从句,在很多动词如say,think,wish,hope,see,believe,agree,expect,hear,feel等动词后。连词that只起连接作用,在从句中不做句子的成分,也无词汇意义,在口语中常被省略,但在大多数情况下还是以不省为好,特别是在笔语中。 例:Itoldhimthathewaswrong. l在think,believe,suppose,expect等动词引起的宾语从句中,有时谓语尽管是否定意义,却不用否定形式,而将think等动词变为否定形式。 例:Idon’tthinkyouareright.(我认为你做的不对) l在许多带有复合宾语的句子中,that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子的后面,而用it做形式宾语。 例:Wethinkitwrongthathetoldalietoeveryone(我认为他向每一个人撒谎是错误的) B,由连词if、whether引导的表示“是否…”的宾语从句。Whether,if在从句中不做句子的成分,一般情况下,whether和if可以替换。 例:Idon’tknowif/whetherhewillcometomorrow. Theteacheraskedif/whetherwehadfinishedtheexperiment. l在介词后面的宾语从句中不用if引导 例:Everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughmoney。 l宾语从句中有ornot时不用if引导. 例:Idon’tknowwhetherthemoviestarwillcomeornot. l和不定式连用作宾语时不用if引导. 例:Whethertogothereornothasn’tbeendecided. C,由wh-引导的宾语从句。连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,和连接副词when,where,why,how等连接的宾语从句,它们在句中即有连接从句的作用,又在句中充当句子的成分。 例:Doyouknowwhichfilmtheyaretalkingabout?(which做定语) Idon’tknowwherehelives.(where做地点状语) 二,宾语从句的语序, 宾语从句从句的语序必须是陈述语序,既连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分 例:Ibelievethattheywillcomesoon. HeaskedmewhetherIwasateacher. Theywantedtoknowwhattheycandoforus. 二,宾语从句的时态。 宾语从句的时态受主句的限制, 既:主句是一般现在时态,从句根据实际情况而定。 主句是一般过去时态,从句用相应的过去的时态。如果从句的动作发生在主句之前,则从句要用过去完成时态。 例: 1)Shesaysthatsheisastudent. Shesaidthatshewasastudent. 2)ShesaysthatshewillflytoJapaninaweek. ShesaidthatshewouldflytoJapaninaweek. 3)Shesaysthatshehasfinishedherhomeworkalready. Shesaidthatshehadfinishedherhomeworkalready. 4)ShesaysthatshecansingasonginEnglish. ShesaidthatshecouldsingasonginEnglish. l如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时,这时宾语从句要用一般现在时态。 例:Theteachersaidthattheearthgoesroundthesun. HetoldmethatJapanisanislandcountry. lCouldyoutellme…是用来征询对方的意见,语气委婉,并不表示过去。 例:CouldyoutellmewhenwewillvisittheHisturyMuseum? 注意事项: u由陈述句变成宾语从句时,要注意人称的变化。 例:Shesaid:“IhavebeentoEnglandbefore.” ShesaidthatshehadbeentoEnglandbefore. Sheaskedme:“Doyoulikemaths?” SheaskedmeifIlikedmaths. u宾语从句与简单句的交换。 由连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句,如果宾语从句的主语和主句的主语是同一个人时,可以用“疑问词+不定式 ”做宾语的简单句结构。 例:Idon’tknowwhatIshoulddonext. Icon’tknowwhattodonext. Hedidn’tknowwherehewouldlive. Hedidn’tknowwheretolive. DOSOMEEXERCISES: 1.Canyousee________? A.whathe’sreadingB.whatishereading C.whatdoeshereadD.hereadswhat 2.DoesJackcomefromJapan?Doyouknow?(合并成一个句子) Doyouknow_____Jack_____fromJapan? 3._Whatdidyoursonsayintheletter? _Hetoldmethathe___theDisneywouldthenextday A.willvisitB.hasvisited C.isgoingtovisitD.wouldvisit 4.Hedidn’tknow__________ A.what’sthematterB.whatthematteris C.whatwasthematterD.whatthematterwas 5.Somebodycalledyoujustnow,butIdidn’tknow____ A.whoweretheyB.whotheywere C.whowasitD.whoitwas 6.Iwanttoknow_____ A.whatishisnameB.what’shisname C.thathisnameisD.whathisnameis 7.---Couldyoutellme___sheislookingfor? ---Hercousin,susan. A.thatB.whoseC.whoD.which 8.---WhatareyousearchingtheInternetfor? ---I’mtryingtofindout____. A.WhatisthedifferencebetweenSARSandBIRDFLU B.HowmanypersonshavediedinIraq C.Howtoprotectourenvironment D.WhyisourChineseteambeabletobeatKorea 9.Doyouknow___________?(谁正在唱歌) 10.Doyouknow___________?(她正在和谁谈话) 11.Doyouknow___________?(昨天发生了什么事)(答案)Thekeys:1A.2if,comes.3D.4C.5D.6D.7C.8B 9whoissinging 10whosheistalkingwith