名词性从句思维导图名词性从句思维导图1/14名词性从句思维导图表一:主语从句表一:主语从句(1)由连词that引导的主语从句。(2)用连接代词或连接副词或whether引导的主语从句。(3)用关系代词引导的主语从句。固定用法和译法(1)Itis+名词+从句Thatyouwillwinthemedalseemsunlikely.你想获得奖牌看起来是不可能的。Thatshesurvivedtheaccidentisamiracle.她在事故中幸免于难简直是奇迹Whichofthemescapedfromtheprisonisstillamystery.他们哪一个是从监狱里逃跑的,仍然是个谜。Whentheywillcomehasn’tbeenmadepubic.他们什么时候来还不知道。Whethersheiscomingornotdoesn’tmattertoomuch.她来不来都无关紧要。Whatyouneedismorepractice.你所需要的是更多的训练。Whoeveristopfromwinsthegamewhentwomatchedplayersmeet.两强相争勇者胜。Whateverwedoistoservethepeople.我们无论做什么都是为人民服务。Itisamysterytomehowitallhappened.这一切是怎么发生的是个谜。Itiscommonknowledgethatthewhaleisnotafish.鲸鱼不是鱼,这是常识。ItisnosurprisethatBobshouldhavewonthegame.鲍勃会赢得这场比赛,这不足为奇。Itisobviousthatconductorsandinsulatorsarebothimportantinindustry.很明显导体和绝缘体在工业中都很重要。Itisdoubtfulwhethershewillbeabletocome.她是否能来令人怀疑。Itisessentialthatheshouldbeherebytheweekend.周末之前,他应该到这里是必要的。Itseemsobviousthatwecannotgoonlikethis.很明显我们不能这样下去了。Itisafactthat…事实是……Itisgoodnewsthat………是好消息Itisaquestionthat………是个问题Itiscommonknowledgethat………是常识类似的名词还有:apity;awonder;agoodthing;nowonder;surprise等。Itisnecessarythat…有必要……Itisclearthat…很清楚……Itislikelythat…很可能……Itisimportantthat…重要的是……类似的形容词还有:strange;natural;obvious;true;good;wonderful;possible;unlikely;quite;unusual;certain;evident;worth-while;surprising;interesting;astonishing,etc.(2)Itis+形容词+从句2/14名词性从句思维导图表一:主语从句固定用法和译法(3)Itis+过去分词+从句Itissaidthat…据说……Itisreportedthat…据报道……Ithasbeenprovedthat…已证明……Itmustbeprovedthat…必须指出……类似的过去分词还有:known;estimated;expected;believed;thought;hoped;noted;discussed;required;decided;suggested;demanded;madeclear;foundout,etc.Itseemsthat…好像是……Ithappenedthat…碰巧……Itfollowsthat…由此可见……Ithasturnedoutthat…结果是……类似的不及物动词还有:seem,appear,occur,follow,happen,turnout,etc.Itisthoughtthatheisthebestplayer.大家都认为他是最好的选手。Itisusedtobethoughtthatanewstarmustbeduetoacollisionbetweentwostars.过去一直认为新星是由于两颗星星之间碰撞产生的。Ithasnotbeenmadeclearwhenthenewroadistobeopenedtotraffic.还没弄清楚这条路将开始通车(4)It+不及物动词+从句Itturnedoutthatnobodyrememberedtheaddress.结果是无人记得那个地址。Itnowappearsthattheyareinurgentneedofhelp.看起来他们急需帮助。ItdoesnotmatterifImissedmytrain,becausethereisanotherlater.没有赶上这趟火车没有关系,稍晚还有一趟。(当“及物动词+宾语”较短时,也可用这种结构。)例如:ItshockedmethatPeterdidnottellanybodywherehewas.让我吃惊的是彼得没有告诉任何人他在哪里。Itdoesnotinterestmewhetheryougoornot.我对你去不去不感兴趣。It+某些固定结构+主语从句。例如:Itdoesn’tmaketoomuchdifference(Itdoesn’tmakeanydifference/Itdoesn’talterthesituation),whetheritrainsornot.下不下雨都没有多大关系。Itdoesnotmakeanydifferencewhetheritrainsornot.下不下雨没什么分别。Itdoesnotmaketheleastdifferencetomewhatyoudo.对我来说你做什么都无关紧要。IsitofmuchconsequencetoyouthatMr.Wanghasfailedtodoit?王先生没有做成这件事对你有什么重要影响吗?3.连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,连接副词when,where,why,how,它们起连接作用,作句子成分,各有自己的意义。3/14名词性从句思维导图表二:宾语从句表二:宾语从句一、宾语从句的连接词1.连词that,只起连接作用,在从句中不作句子成分,也无词汇意义,在口语中常被省略。2.连词if、whether,它们起连接作用,在从句中不作句子成分,作“是否”解,在口语中多用if。一般情况下,if和whether可以互换,但以下3种情况只能用whether:a.在不定式前:Whethertogothereornothasn'tbeendecided.b.在介词前:Itdependson(依靠)whetheritisgoingtorain.c.与ornot连用:Theyaretalkingaboutwhethertogothereornot.eg.Heknew(that)heshouldworkhard.eg.Tomdon'tknowif/whetherhisgrandpalikedthepresent.HeaskedmewhetherornotIwascoming.3.连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,连接副词when,where,why,how,它们起连接作用,作句子成分,各有自己的意义。二、宾语从句的语序陈述语序,即“连接词+主语+谓语+其它成分”特别强调:它的主语和谓语的语序是陈述语序,而不是疑问句的倒装结构。Canyoutellmewhodowehavetosee?(╳)Canyoutellmewhowehavetosee?(√)Theteacheraskedthestudentswhattheyweredoing.(√)eg.Shesaid,“Iwillleaveamessageonthedesk.”→Shesaidshewouldleaveamessageonthedesk.Eg.“Wherearethetickets?”Iaskedhim.→Iaskedhimwheretheticketsare.eg.Ithought(that)youarefreetoday.(╳)Ithought(that)youwouldbefreetoday.(√)陈述句变为宾语从句时,要注意人称和时态的变化,语序不变。一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句时,也要注意人称和时态的变化,后面接陈述语序。三、时态呼应。如果主句谓语是一般现在时或将来时,从句谓语的时态不受限制;如果主句谓语的时态是一般过去时,从句一般要随着改为相应的过去时态(一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时)4/14【注意】当宾语从句叙述的是客观真理时,不管主句谓语的时态如何,从句都用一般现在时。eg.Theteachertoldus(that)theearthmovesaroundthesun.名词性从句思维导图表二:宾语从句四、注意宾语从句的语气1.宾语从句一般用陈述语气,但是,当主句的谓语动词为advise,insist(坚决主张),suggest(建议),require,request,order,ask(要求)等表示请求、命令、要求、主张意义的动词时,从句谓语要用虚拟语气,即用“should+动词原形”(should往往可以省略)。2.但当insist表示“坚持说”,suggest表示“暗示、表明”,ask表示“问”时,宾语从句用陈述语气sheinsistedthathe(should)gotherewithher.她坚决要求他跟她一起去那儿。Thedoctorsuggestedthatshe(should)takemoreexerciseeveryday.医生建议她每天多进行锻炼。Heinsistedthathedidn’tstealherwatch.他坚持说他没有偷她的手表。Hissmilesuggestedthathedidwellintheinterview.他的微笑表明他面试得很好。IwishIwereabird.我希望我是一只鸟。Iwishwelivedonthemoonnow.我希望我们现在住在月亮上。3.动词wish后的宾语从句也要用虚拟语气,即从句谓语用过去式(针对现在情况而言)、过去完成时(针对过去情况而言)或用“would/should/could/might+动词原形”(针对将来情况而言)。五、注意宾语从句的否定问题当否定宾语从句时,一般直接对从句的谓语动词进行否定。Iknowthathewon’ttellalietous.我知道他不会对我们说谎。Hesaidhehadn’tbeentoamericabefore.他说他以前没有去过美国。但是,当主句的谓语动词为think,believe,suppose,imagine等,若时态为一般现在时,谓语动词前又没有副词修饰时,宾语从句的否定应该转移到主句的谓语动词上。如:Idon’tthinkthathewillcometohelpustoday.我想他今天不会来帮我们的忙了。5/14名词性从句思维导图表三:表语从句表三:表语从句定义连系动词在一个复合句中其表语部分是一个句子,这个当表语的句子就是表语从句。表语从句位于连系动词之后。1.be动词2.感官动词3.表变化的词look“看起来像是”smell“闻起来”sound“听起来”taste“尝起来”feel“摸起来,给……感觉”seem,“似乎,好像”appear,“显得,看起来好像”keep,“保持……的状态”remain,“仍是”stay“保持(某种状态)”prove“证明是”get“变成,变得……起来”fall“进入(某种状态)