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名词性从句一、定义：名词性从句在功能上相当于名词，是一个句子分别充当另一个句子的主语、表语、宾语和同位语，由此被称为主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句和同位语从句。辨别下列从句属于哪种名词性从句并分析：1）Whytheyhaven’tleftyetisunclear.2）Itwasgoodnewsthateveryonegotbacksafely.3）Pollydidn’tknowwhichwaysheshouldgo.4）I’minterestedinwhothattallmanis.5）Weallthoughtitgoodnewsthatthefoghadfinallygone.6）MyquestioniswhetherPollycanfindherwayhome.7）ThefactthatPollydidn’taskfortheman’snameisapity.总结：名词性从句主要由陈述句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句充当。1）陈述句充当名词性从句时，由that引导；2）一般疑问句充当名词性从句时，由if或whether引导从句；3）特殊疑问句充当名词性从句时，由疑问词本身做连词引导从句。4）名词性从句的语序应使用陈述句语序，不可用一般问句语序。二、引导名词性从句的从属连词及从句语序1.连接词that；功能1）不充当句子成分2）无词义3）只起连接作用。2.if/whether;功能：1）意为“是否”，有词义2）不做句子成分3）起连接作用翻译:1/131）Iknowthathewillcomethisevening.___________________________________________2)Whetherwewillgothereornothasn’tbeendecidedyet.______________________________3.连接代词：what(ever),which(ever),who(ever),whom(ever),whose(ver)功能：1）有词义2）引起从句3）且在从句中充当一定的句子成分，常做从句中的主语、宾语、表语和定语。找出下列主从句的名词性从句，并确定从属连词在从句中的句子成分：1）Whathesaidisn’ttrue.2)TherearesomanybooksthatIdon’tknowwhichoneIshouldchoose.3)Thequestioniswhowillcometohelpus.4.连接副词when(ever),where(ver),why,how(ever)以及how(ever)+adj./adv.组成的词组引导的名词性从句。功能：1）连接主从句2）有词义3）在从句中作句子成分，可作从句中的时间状语、地点状语、原因状语、方式状语或表程度，如：how(ever)+adj./adv.等。找出下列主从句的名词性从句，并确定从属连词在从句中的句子成分：1)Iwonderhowhemanagedtofinishtheworkinsuchashorttime.2)WherewewillstayduringourvisittoAustraliahasn’tbeenannounced.3)Hecan’tanswerthequestionhowhegotthemoney.4)Thequestioniswhenwecangetthere.5.名词性从句的语序应使用陈述句语序，而不可用一般问句语序，其结构为：从属连词（that/whether/if/wh-疑问词）+陈述句语序。三、名词性从句分类讲解2/13Ⅰ.主语从句1.主语从句在复合句中作主语，其主句的谓语动词用单数。填空并翻译：1)Whatexcitedusmost__________(be)thathepassedtheexam.2)_______(be)whathetoldustrue?3)Whatweneed________(be)moretime?2.that引导主语从句时that不可省，且一般把它移到句末，前面用it作形式主语。找出主语从句且翻译：1)Itiscertainthatshewilldowellintheexam._______________________________________2)Itisnowonderthathelookspale.________________________________________________3.由连接代词（what除外）和连接副词引导的主语从句可以直接放在句首，也可以用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语放句末。改变句型，用it作形式主语：1)Howwewillgotherehasn’tbeendecided.__________________________________________2)Whetherhewillattendthemeetingornotmakesnodifference.______________________________________________________________________________4.what引导的主语从句一般不用it作形式主语的结构，其他连词皆可使用此结构。判断正误：1)Itisabookwhathewants.3/132)Whathewantsisabook.5.如果含主语从句的主句是疑问式，则须用it作形式主语结构。翻译：已经宣布飞机什么时候起飞了吗？6.if不可引起主语从句，而是用whether引起，表“是否”之意。填空：1）____________________________________(我们是否要举行会议)hasn’tbeendecided.2)Itisnotknow_______________________________________(他们是否要来).7.用it作形式主语，把主语从句后置的常用句型有：1)It+be+adj.+that-clause.(常见adj.:obvious,true,natural,surprising,good,wonderful,funny,possible,likely,certain,probable,etc.)英译汉：⑴Itiscertainthatshewilldowellintheexam._____________________________________⑵Itisprobablethathetoldhereverything.__________________________________________汉译英：⑴很明显他们非常需要帮助。____________________________________________________________________________注：这类主语从句中，若adj.为necessary,important,strange等，从句要用虚拟语气，从句的谓语动词一般为：(should)+do.翻译：⑴Itisnecessarythatyou(should)masterthecomputer._______________________________⑵学生学好英语很重要。4/13___________________________________________________________________________⑶真奇怪，他竟然自杀了。_____________________________________________________________________________2)Itis+名词词组(afact,apity,nowonder,anhonor,nosurprise,ashame,goodnews等)+that-clause.翻译：⑴很遗憾我们不能去。____________________________________________________________________________⑵他告诉了她一切，这并不奇怪。_____________________________________________________________________________⑶难怪他看起来脸色苍白。_____________________________________________________________________________3)Itisdone(said/reported/thought/believed/hoped/expected/decided/well-known)+that-clause.翻译：（1）据说总统已经到达北京。_____________________________________________________________________________(2)ItissaidthatJackdrivesbadly._____________________________________________________________________________(3)众所周知，地球围绕太阳转。______________________________________________________________________________分析下列从句：(1)ItwasreportedthattheUSwasundertheterroristattack.(2)Aswasreported,theUSwasundertheterroristattack.(3)WhatwasreportedwasthattheUSwasundertheterroristattack.5/134)Itseems（似乎）/happens（碰巧/恰巧）/appears（似乎）/doesn’tmatter（不重要，不要紧）/makesnodifference（没有影响）+that-clause.翻译：(1)Itmakesnodifferencewhetherhewillattendthemeetingornot.______________________________________________________________________________(2)我恰巧看过这部电影。______________________________________________________________________________(3)他似乎在打篮球。______________________________________________________________________________5)It+系动词+表语（n./adj.）+whether/howwh-clause.翻译：（1）他是否会来还不确定。_______________________________________________________________________________(2)Itremainsasecrethowtheyclimbedupthemountain._______________________________________________________________________________Ⅱ.表语从句定义：表语从句在复合句中作表语，位于主句系动词之后。1.表语从句中that不可省略。翻译：Theproblemisthathedoesn’tknowthetelephonenumber._______________________________________________________________________________2.because,asif,asthough也可引导表语从句，但当主语是rea