(完整版)名词性从句归纳

Vision语法归纳—名词性从句名词性从句归纳一、名词性从句概说、结构与功能名词性从句是起名词作用的从句，其功能相当于名词词组，在复合句中可作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。与之对应的名词性从句分别为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句需要由不同的关联词来引导，和主句相连。thatwhether/if特殊疑问词关系从句二、主语从句1、主语从句的类别宾语从句动宾介宾不省略主语从句不省略放于句首用whether可以省略表语从句不省略只用whether同位语从句不省略只用whether均可使用只用但有区别whether陈述句语序陈述句语序●以从属连词that引导的主语从句。（从句位于句首，that通常不省略）→Thatshewillcometotheconferencehasexcitedeveryoneofus.●以从属连词whether引导的主语从句。（从句置于句首时一般不用if来代替whether）→Whetherwe’llgooutingdependsontheweather.●以连接代词（what,whatever,who,whoever,which,whichever等词）引导的主语从句。→Whoeverwillbeinchargeoftheprojecthasn’tbeendecidedyet.【注】what与that在引导主语从句时，what不但起连接作用，而且还有具体意义，意为“所…的”，相当于thethingsthat结构；而that则无词义。即如果从句中不缺少主语或宾语时，选择that，否则用what。●以连接副词（when，where,how,why等词）引导的主语从句.→Whenthenewroadisopentotraffichasnotbeenmadeclear.2、用it作形式主语的主语从句注：以下几种特殊情况必须用it作形式主语：⑴Itis+adj.+that从句常见的形容词有：necessary，right，likely，wrong，important，certain，clear，obvious，strange等。→Itislikelythattherewillbeasnowstormtomorrow.⑵Itis+noun+that从句常接这种句型的名词有：apity,ashame,goodnews,afact,anhonor,awonder,nowonder等。→Itisapitythatyoudidn’tattendthelecture[讲座]yesterday.⑶Itis+过去分词1Vision语法归纳—名词性从句常见的分词有：said,heard,reported,decided,suggested,advised,ordered,thought,considered,pointedout,wellknown,hoped,turnedout等词→Itissaidthattheprofessorhasalreadysucceededincarryingoutthisexperiment.⑷It+特殊动词+that从句常用于这种结构的动词有：seem，happen（碰巧），appear，occur等。→Itseemstomethatyouobjecttotheplan.IthappenedthatIdidn’ttakeanymoneywithme.⑸Itdoesn’tmatterhow/whether…结构中的主语从句→Itdoesn’tmatterwhetherheiswrongornot.三、宾语从句1、动词的宾语从句⑴大多数动词都可以带有宾语从句→Weallexpectthattheywillwinthismatch.常见的动词有：hope,tell,say,know,think,consider,imagine,hear,expect,suppose,guess等。⑵有些“动词+副词”结构也可带宾语从句。→Ihavefoundoutthatalltheticketsfortheconcerthavebeensoldout.⑶可以运用形式宾语it的宾语从句：①动词find,feel,think,consider,make,believe等后有宾语补足语时，需要用it作形式宾语而讲that宾语从句后置。→Ithinkitnecessarythatwetakeplentyofhotwatereveryday.IhavemadeitarulethatIkeepdiaries.②动词hate,take,have,seeto等词在带宾语从句时习惯上需要在宾语从句前加it。▲（若宾语从句是“WH”系列引导，其后有tobe短语作宾补，则不可以用it替代。）→Itakeitthatyouwillagreewithus.Weallconsiderwhatyousaidtobeunbelievable.2、介词的宾语从句⑴一般情况下，介词后面只能用“WH”系列连接词来引导的宾语从句。→Wearetalkingaboutwhetherweadmitstudentsintoourclub.▲用that引导从句作介词宾语时，需要用形式宾语it替代，然后将that从句发在最后。→YoumaydependonitthatIshallalwayshelpyou.⑵偶尔的情况下，except,but,besides,in四个介词后面可接that引导的宾语从句→Iknownothingaboutmynewneighborexpectthatheusedtoworkinacompany.IpreferhisplantoyoursinthatIthinkitismorepractical.(inthat表示原因)Hewouldhavefailedbutthatyouhelpedhim.(butthat要不是，若非)3、形容词的宾语从句⑴sure,certain,glad,pleased,happy,afraid,surprised,satisfied,sorry等表示“情感”色彩的形容词后也可以带宾语从句。→Heissurethattheywillmakeitinspiteoftheterribleweather.⑵当主句中的谓语动词是think,say,guess,suppose,suggest,believe,feel,consider时，宾语从句的引导词表示疑问时，需要放在句首。2Vision语法归纳—名词性从句→Whodoyouthinkthepublicmightchooseastheirfavoritesingerthisyear?4、if和whether在宾语从句中用法的区别▲Whether和if在作“是否”讲时：Ⅰ在下列几种情况下只能用whether。⑴当被引导的宾语从句置于句首时。→WhethertheywilljoininthewintercampIdon’tcare.⑵引导的宾语从句作介词的宾语时。→Wearetalkingaboutwhetherhewillcomenextweek.⑶从句中有“ornot”时。→Idon’tcarewhethertheworkwilltakelongornot.⑷引导词后接动词不定式时。→Iamjustwonderingwhethertostayforanotherhourorjuststartoffrightaway.⑸当从句部分用if引导时，容易出现歧义时。→Letmeknowwhetheryoucancome.*(此句话中若出现if，则不能判定if表示的含义为“是否”还是“如果”，容易有歧义。)Ⅱ在动词ask,know,wonder,词后，只能用if。5、不可省略that的宾语从句⑴当that作learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等动词的宾语时，常不省略。→IhavelearntthatmostofthestudentswhoareinterestedinChinesetakeinterestinEnglish.⑵当宾语从句比较长时，that不省略。→Weallthinkthatwhatthepublicisbadlyinneedofisnothingbutthedevelopmentofeconomy.(我们大家都认为所急需的不是别的正是经济发展.)⑶当主句状语置于宾语从句之前时。→IrealizedatoncethatIhaddonewrongimmediatelyshetoldmeallaboutthis.⑷当宾语从句的状语或状语从句置于其句首时。→Hetoldusthat,ifwecouldallcometohelpout,thewholesituationwouldbelookingup.⑸当主句谓语动词（或非谓语动词）与宾语从句之间有插入语时。→WhenMarxgottoEngland,hefound,however,thathisEnglishwassolimitedthathecouldn’tgoonwithhiscommonaffairs.⑹当一个动词带有两个或两个以上并列的宾语从句时，此时第一个that可以省略，第二个that不可以。→ThenhebegantotalktousabouttheFrenchlanguage,saying(that)itwasthemostbeautifultongueintheworld,andthatwemustkeepitamongisandneverforgetit.⑺当宾语从句的主语是this，that，或this，that为主语的定语时。→SomestudentsthinkthatthiskindofbookcanhelpthemimprovetheirEnglishgrammar.HesaidthatthewordthatIwroteontheblackboardwaswrong。⑻当宾语从句为双宾语的直接宾语时。→Hetoldmethathewouldputsomesignsontheenvelope.⑼当宾语从句的主语为非谓语动词或主语从句时。→However,manypeoplesimplycouldn’tbelievethatwhathehadwrittenwastrue.⑽当宾语从句中有it为其形式宾语时。→Weallconsidereditimportantthatchildrenshouldtakeplentyofmilkastheygrow.3Vision语法归纳—名词性从句(此类动词详见三、1、⑶、①部分)6、宾语从句的否定转移及其语气▷主句的谓语是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,guess等时，从句的否定一般要转到主句上来，其反意疑问句的主语一般和宾语从句的主语保持一致。→Idon’tthinkthey’llstickouttothelastminute.Idon’tsupposethat’shisfault,isit?▷宾语从句的特殊语气：⑴动词wish之后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。→IwishIwereabird.⑵动词suggest,advise,order,insist,demand,command,request,require的宾语从句用“should+do”形式。insist+that坚持要求……（接【should】do）；坚持认为……（接一致时态）suggest+that建议……（接【should】do）；暗示……（接一致时态）四、表语从句1、表语从句的特殊连接词⑴除了基本的连接词可以连接表语从句以外，because,asif/though,as,like等连接词也可引导表语从句。→Hehasheartdisease.Thatisbecausehehasbeensmokingtoomu