工作场所的安全隐患与风险分析

何培松益瑞石集团亚太区EHS经理2008年6月21日工作场所的安全隐患与风险分析Objectives目标dPurposeofdoinghazardandriskanalysis.理解进行危险源和风险分析的目的dHowtoevaluateanoperation’sWorkplaceHazardsandRisk.掌握如何评估作业场所的危险源和风险dWhoshouldbeinvolvedinyouranalysis.组建危险和风险分析团队dWhattodowiththeresults.利用分析结果进行持续改进WhyReally?意义dItprovidesasystematicwaytoanalyzetheriskinoperationsinamethodical,provenway.提供系统可靠的方法分析作业过程中的风险dRiskisprovidedtomanagementinaprioritizedmanner,thehigherthenumberofrisktheriskierthetaskorjobwillbe.将风险按优先级顺序排列呈送给管理层，风险等级评分越高，任务或作业的风险就越高WhyReally?意义dTheprocessprovidestomanagementapictureoftherealriskofinjury,notwhatthe“gut”tellsyouitis,orwhatouremployeethinksitis.这一过程给管理层提供明晰的伤害风险，而不是就事论事的经验或我们员工的主观想像dIthelpsyouidentifytheelephants…它可以帮助我们识别风险造成的影响……WhydoHazard/Riskanalysis?必要性Potentially潜在的Catastrophic灾难性的Doestheactivityhaveapotentialtoharmthoseperformingandthoseneartheactivity?活动是否存在对从事活动的人员本身或活动附近人员造成伤害的可能？Theelement(s)ofanactivitythathasapotentialtoharmisconsidereditshazard(s).可能造成伤害的活动的要素被视作危险。I.e.例如：Activity-SprayPainting活动－喷漆Hazards–ChemicalExposure(inhalation),ChemicalExposure(skin),ChemicalExposure(eyes),Noise,Fire/Explosion危险－化学品吸入、皮肤接触化学品、眼睛接触化学品、噪声、火灾/爆炸Definitions定义Definitions定义Hazardshave危险具有:RISK–possibilityoflossorinjury.风险－造成损失或伤害的可能性Riskhave风险要素:Severityandprobability严重性和可能性（概率）Definitions定义Severity严重性:Ifinjuryorlossoccurshowbadwillitbe?如果发生损失或者伤害的情况，情况有多糟糕？Probability可能性（概率）:Thepotentialfrequencyoflossorinjuryoccurring,increaseswithexposuretohazard损失或伤害发生的潜在频率HazardExamples危险举例:ChemicalExposure(Inhalation,Skin,Hands,Eyes)HarmfulDustNoiseExposureFlyingDebris/ObjectsProtrudingObjectsExtremeTemperaturesPointofOperation(I.ecrush,nip)Fall,Trip,SlipStrain/OverexertionElectricalShockFire/ExplosionLightRadiationFallingObjectsSharpObjectsBiologicalDefinitions定义化学品接触（吸入、皮肤、手、眼睛）有害粉尘噪声曝露飞溅的碎片或物体突出的物体高低温高空坠落绊倒/滑倒紧张，劳累电击火灾/爆炸放射线坠物砸伤接触尖锐物体生物危险HazardExamples危险举例:ElectricalShock电击ChemicalExposureEyes眼睛接触化学品FlyingDebris/Objects飞溅的碎片或物体Engulfment开挖塌方FallFrom高空坠落FallFrom高空坠落Trip/Slip绊倒/滑倒Fire/Explosion火灾/爆炸StruckbyFallingObjects坠物砸伤ContactWithMovingObjects运动物体接触OtherHazards其它危险OtherHazards其它危险IdentifydiscreteActivities,Products,andServices(APS)识别不同的活动、产品与服务（APS）IdentifyHazardsforeachAPS辨识每个APS的危险DetermineSafetyHazardsandRisksforeachAPS判断每个APS的危险和风险DetermineHazardSignificance判断危险的重要性DevelopObjectivesandTargetsforSignificantRisks对重要风险提出目标指标Keepdataup-to-dateandperiodicallyreview.数据及时进行更新并定期审核StartingPoint起点Segregateplantoperationsintodiscreteoperational/functionalareas将工厂的操作划分成不同的独立操作/功能区域Establish/RefineControls,asnecessary如果需要，建立/健全控制措施Hazard/RiskAnalysisFlow危险/风险分析流程IdentifyingActivitiesandWhoShouldbeInvolved识别相关活动和参与的人员Beforeyoucandetermineyoursite’shazardsyoumustknowwhatactivitiesarebeingconductedatyoursite.在你判断场地危险之前，你必须知道在你场地正从事何种活动。•Startwithasitelayout.从场地平面图开始•Dividethesiteintooperational/functionalareas.将场地划分为不同的操作/功能区域。Excavating开挖活动Excavating开挖活动Maintenance维修Processing加工处理Office办公室Parking停车场Shipping/ReceivingDock运输与接收平台ACMESiteLayoutACME场地平面布置IdentifydiscreteActivities,Products,andServices(APS)识别不同的活动、产品与服务（APS）IdentifyHazardsforeachAPS辨识每个APS的危险DetermineSafetyHazardsandRisksforeachAPS判断每个APS的危险和风险DetermineHazardSignificance判断危险的重要性DevelopObjectivesandTargetsforSignificantRisks对重要风险提出目标指标Keepdataup-to-dateandperiodicallyreview.数据及时进行更新并定期审核StartingPoint起点Segregateplantoperationsintodiscreteoperational/functionalareas将工厂的操作划分成不同的独立操作/功能区域Establish/RefineControls,asnecessary如果需要，建立/健全控制措施Hazard/RiskAnalysisFlow危险/风险分析流程IdentifyingActivitiesandWhoShouldbeInvolved识别相关活动和参与的人员•Recruitindividualsknowledgeableofareas.招纳熟谙区域的人员•Manager/Supervisors经理/主管•EH&SEHS人员•Employees职员•Brainstormtodetermineareaactivities.运用“头脑风暴”来辨别区域活动•Considerlegacyissuesaswellascurrentoperationalissues(I.e.previousinjuries)考虑遗留问题，业考虑当前操作中的问题（如以前的工伤事故）IdentifydiscreteActivities,Products,andServices(APS)识别不同的活动、产品与服务（APS）IdentifyHazardsforeachAPS辨识每个APS的危险DetermineSafetyHazardsandRisksforeachAPS判断每个APS的危险和风险DetermineHazardSignificance判断危险的重要性DevelopObjectivesandTargetsforSignificantRisks对重要风险提出目标指标Keepdataup-to-dateandperiodicallyreview.数据及时进行更新并定期审核StartingPoint起点Segregateplantoperationsintodiscreteoperational/functionalareas将工厂的操作划分成不同的独立操作/功能区域Establish/RefineControls,asnecessary如果需要，建立/健全控制措施Hazard/RiskAnalysisFlow危险/风险分析流程ACMEPlantActivityACME工厂活动HazardIdentificationSheet危险辨识表NoiseExposure噪声曝露HeavyEquipment重型设备Trip/Slip绊倒/滑倒Excessmaterialontheground地面上堆放过多的物品StruckbyFallingObjects坠物砸伤Productbeingdumpedandpedestrianinarea货物被堆放在行人区域IdentifydiscreteActivities,Products,andServices(APS)识别不同的活动、产品与服务（APS）IdentifyHazardsforeachAPS辨识每个APS的危险DetermineSafetyHazardsandRisksforeachAPS判断每个APS的危险和风险DetermineHazardSignificance判断危险的重要性DevelopObjectivesandTargetsforSignificantRisks对重要风险提出目标指标Keepdataup-to-dateandperiodicallyreview.数据及时进行更新并定期审核StartingPoint起点Segregateplantoperationsintodiscreteoperational/functionalareas将工厂的操作划分成不同的独立操作/功能区域Establish/RefineControls,asnecessary如果需要，建立/健全控制措施Hazard/RiskAnalysisFlow危险/风险分析流程PrioritizingHazards/Risk对危险/风险进行排序Aprocessshouldbeusedtodetermin