英语国家社会与文化入门下册课后习题集(期末备考复习)

U3AmericanBeginningsⅠ1.Thequestion“WhatisanAmerican?”wasfirstaskedbyJ.HectorST.JohndeCrevecoeur.(T)2.ChristopherColumbusdiscoveredAmericain1492.(T)7.Bytheearly1760s,the13EnglishcoloniesinNorthAmericawerereadytoseparatethemselvesfromEurope.(T)8.GeorgeWashington,BenjaminFranklin,andAbrahamLincolnwereregardedasthefoundingfathersoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica.(F)Ⅱ1.WhichofthefollowingstatementswascorrectaroundthetimeoftheAmericanRevolution?(A.TheAmericanhadthemixedbloodofEuropeansortheirdescendants.)3.ThefollowingwerethemainReformationleadersexcept.(B.MartinLutherKing.)7.ThefollowingwerethefoundingfathersoftheAmericanRepublicexcept.(C.WilliamPenn.)10.”Notaxationwithoutrepresentation”wastherallyingcryof.(D.thepeopleofthe13coloniesontheeveoftheAmericanRevolution.)Ⅲ1.In1782,theFrenchmanwhosettledinPennsylvaniafirstaskedthequestion“whatisanAmerican”inhisbook(lettersfromAnAmericanFarmer)2.TheNewWorldofAmericawaspeopledasaresultoftwolong-continuingimmigrationmovements,thefirstonefrom(Asia)andthesecondfrom(Europe)and(Africa).3.AmericanIndianshaddevelopedthreebrilliantcivilizationsbeforetheEuropeansarriver.Thesethreecivilizationswere(TheAztecs),(theIncas)and(theMayas).4.ColumbusdiscoveredtheNewWorldintheyearof(1492).5.TheEnglishkingclaimedtheterritoryofNorthAmericabasedonthevoyageof(JohnCabot)Ⅳ3.TheDeclarationofIndependence.TheDeclarationofIndependencewasmainlydraftedbyThomasJeffersonandadoptedbytheCongressonJuly4,1776,Whenthepeopleof13EnglishcoloniesinNorthAmericawerefightingfortheirfreedomandindependencefromtheBritishcolonialrule.Thedocumentdeclaredthatallmenwereequalandthattheywereentitledtohavesomeunalienablerightssuchaslife,libertyandthepursuitofhappiness.Italsoexplainedthephilosophyofgovernment:thepowersofgovernmentscamefromtheconsentofthegovernedofpoliticsandtheguidingprinciplesoftheAmericanRevolutionmainlycamefromJohnLocke.U4ThePoliticalSystemintheUnitedStatesⅠ1.WhentheWarofIndependencewasover,theUnitedStateswasoneunifiednationasitistoday.(F)3.TheUSConstitutionsetupafederalsystemwithastrongcentralgovernment.(T)4.ThemaindutyoftheCongressidtomakelaws,includingthosewhichlevytaxesthatpayfortheworkofthefederalgovernment.(T)6.Thepresidenthastheauthoritytoappointfederaljudges,andallsuchcourtappointmentsaresubjecttoconfirmationbytheHouseofRepresentatives.(F)7.The10veryshortparagraphswhichguaranteefreedomandindividualrightsandforbidinterferencewithlivesofindividualsbythegovernmentarecalledtheBillofRights.(T)9.Today,theUnitedStateshastwomajorpoliticalparties.OneistheDemocraticParty,formedbefore1800.TheotheristheRepublicanParty,formedinthe1850s,bypeopleinthestatesoftheNorthandWest.(T)Ⅱ4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsNOTcorrect?WhentheConstitutionwaswritten,(A.therewasaBillofRightsintheConstitution.)5.Whichofthefollowingistheonlybranchthatcanmakefederallaws,andlevyfederaltaxes?(B.Thelegislative.)6.WhichofthefollowingisNOTapowerofthepresident?(C.Thepresidentcanmakelaws.)7.TheBillofRightsconsistsof(C.10amendmentsaddedtotheConstitutionin1791)8.WhichofthefollowingisNOTguaranteedintheBillofRights?(B.Thefreedomofsearchingaperson’shomebypolice.)Ⅲ4.TheConstitutionsetupafederalsystemwith(astrongcentralgovernment.)5.Afederalsystemisoneinwhichpowerissharedbetween(acentralauthority)and(itsconstituentparts)withsomerightsreservedtoeach.6.TheUSfederalgovernmentconsistsofthefollowingthreebranches:theexecutive,(thelegislative)and(thejudicial).7.TheCongressiddividedinto(theHouseofRepresentatives)with435memberswhoservetwo-yearterms,and(theSenate)with100lawmakerswhoservesix-yearterms.8.GroupswhotrytopersuadeCongressmentovotefororagainstabillareknownas(lobbies).9.TheSupremeCourtiscomposedof(1)chiefjusticeand(8)associatejustices.10.TheSupremeCourthasthefunctionofdeterminingwhetherCongressionallegislativeorexecutiveactionviolatestheConstitution.Thispoweriscalled(judicialreview).12.Thetwomajorpoliticalpartiesare(theDemocraticparty),whichisthoughttobemoreliberal,and(theRepublicanparty),whichisbelievedtobemoreconservative.Ⅳ2.AfederalsystemAfederalsystemisoneinwhichpowerissharedbetweenacentralauthorityanditsconstituentparts,withsomerightsreservedtoeach.3.ThemakingoftheUSConstitutionTheArticlesofConfederationfailed.TheCongressdecidedtoholdaconstitutionalconventiontorevisetheArticlesofConfederation.Thedelegatesfrom12states(RhodeIslandrefusedtoparticipate)gatheredinPhiladelphiain1787andendedupinwritinganewconstitutionandsetafederalsystemwithastrongcentralgovernment.TheConstitutionprovidedthatanelectionofthepresidentwouldbecalled,federallawswouldbemadeonlybyaCongressmadeupoftheHouseofRepresentativesandtheSenateandaSupremeCourtwouldbesetup.ThisnewConstitutionwasfinallyapprovedbythemajorityofthecitizensinover9ofthe13statesandwasofficiallyputintoeffectin1787.5.TheBillofRightsTheBillofRightsconsistsofthefirst10amendmentswhichwereaddedtotheConstitutionin1791.TheBillofRightswaspassedtoguaranteefreedomandindividualrightssuchasfreedomofspeech,therighttoassembleinpublicplaces,therighttoownweaponsandsoon.U5AmericanEconomyⅠ2.ThefirstfactoryintheUnitedStateswasacottonte