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小升初英语专题：名词一、名词定义名词是表示人,事物，地点或抽象概念等名称的词，如：student学生apple苹果panda熊猫ruler尺子。二、名词分类名词根据其意义可以分为普通名词和专有名词。三、名词的数名词的数主要指普通名词的数。我们又将普通名词的数分为可数名词和不可数名词，不可数名词没有复数变化，只能是单数，可数名词有单数和复数之分。可数名词复数变化规律a)一般情况下词尾直接加-s，比如book-books,apple-applesb)以s,x,sh,ch结尾的名词，通常词尾加-es，比如：bus-buses,boxes,watch→watches,brush→brushes.c)名词以元音字母+y结尾时，加-s，读作[z]；以辅音字母+y结尾时，变y为i，再加-es，读[iz]boy→boys男孩story→stories故事factory→factories工厂baby→babies婴儿holiday→holidays假期d)以o结尾的名词，有些词尾加-es，有些加-s。口诀：黑人，英雄爱吃西红柿和土豆中学阶段所学的结尾加-es的主要有以下几个：tomato-tomatoes,potato-potatoes,hero-heroes,Negro-Negroes,mango-mangoese)以f或者fe结尾的名词，有些在词尾加-s，有些将f/fe改为v后再加-es。我们所见到的改f/fe为v加-es的主要有以下单词：绕口令：妻子（wife）持刀(knife)去宰狼(wolf)，小偷(thief)吓得发了慌；躲在架后(shelf)保己命(myself)，半(half)片树叶(leaf)遮目光。wife(),life(),knife(),leaf(),thief(),half(),self(),shelf(),wolf()。f)某些名词的单复数是一样的，这类名词不多，主要有：sheep,fish,deer,Chinese,Japanese,g)有些名词单数变复数时，没有一定的规则的，需要特别记忆：man→()男人woman→()女人foot→()脚tooth→()牙mouse→()鼠child→()儿童练习：1根据句意，用括号中所给词的正确形式填空。The________（story）areveryinteresting.必背：由man和woman构成的复合名词的两个构成部分都要变化。amandoctor→mendoctors男医生awomanplayer→womenplayers女演员四、常见不可数名词常用的不可数名词：food,meat,fish,chicken,drink,orange,milk,tea,water,rice,bread,homework,news,paper,ice,rain,snow,wind,air,weather,music,fun,work等五、不可数名词的量用“数词或冠词＋量词＋of＋不可数名词”这样的结构来表示，量词可以是单数也可以是复数，但of后面的名词只能用单数如：一杯牛奶__________________三杯咖啡_________________两瓶可乐_________________两条新闻_________________Therearefivebottlesofmilk.Butthereisn'tacupoftea.可数名词时要注意：后面用复数,动词要根据量词来决定如：一箱苹果_________________四双鞋子_________________Thereisaboxofapplesinthecar,Therearefourpairsofshoesunderthebed.可以修饰不可数名词数量的词语还有：some,any,much,alotof,plentyof,little,alittle等，其中much,little,alittle只能用来修饰不可数名词的数量，其它词也可以用来修饰可数名词的量。六、有生命物体的所有格有生命的名词所有格：’s+名词;表示“……的”1.当名词不是s结尾时，用’s；Lucy’shair/mymother’sbag（）--Whoserulerisit?--Maybeit’s_____.A.PeterB.PetersC.Mary’sD.Peters’2.当名词加了s时，则用只需要加’，例如students’reading–room学生们的阅览室注意：Women’sDay妇女节Children’sDay儿童节Policemen'soffice警察的办公室Teachers’Day教师节【真题再现】（）Thosebooksaremy_____.A.teachersB.teachers’C.teachers’s3、表示时间、距离、国家、城市的名词，加’s构成所有格fiveminutes’walk=afive-minutewalkthreedays'holiday=athree-dayholiday4、双重所有格:of+名词所有格/of+名词性的物主代词afriendofmine,anoldphotoofmyfather’s.【真题再现】1Thegirlunderthetreeisafriendof_______（Lucy）．（）Imetafriendof_______lastnight.A.myB.meC.ID.mine5、共同所有格与个体所有格：She’sTomandJim’smother.(同一个母亲)They’reTom’sandJim’smothers.(各自的母亲)（）MrSmithis_______father.Theyaretwinsisters.A.Mary'sandJohn'sB.Mary'sandJohnC.MaryandJohn'sD.MaryandJohns'七、无生命物体的所有格教室的门thedooroftheclassroom；山顶thetopofthehill我卧室的窗户thewindowsofmybedroom1()____isopen.A.ThewindowsoftheclassroomB.Theclassroom'swindowC.ThewindowoftheclassroomD.Theclassroom'swindows课堂练习教室的窗户______________________杰克的朋友___________________汤姆和海伦的爸爸________________玛丽的姐姐和露西的姐姐______________________我父母的车______________________我们老师的书______________________________专项练习一写出下列可数名词的复数toy-__________dish-__________tomato-__________map-__________leaf-__________sheep-__________tooth-__________woman-_________factory-__________goose-__________minute-__________ferry-__________二选择填空()1.Wehavesome____butweneedsome____.A.tomatos;potatosB.tomatoes;potatos;C.tomatoes;potatoesD.tomatos;potatoes.()2.Thethiefhastwo_____.A.knifeB.knifesC.knivesD.knifees()3.Thelionhasbig_____.A.teethB.toothC.toothsD.toothes()4.Fatherhas_____forbreakfast.A.twopieceofbreadB.twopiecesofbreadC.twopiecesofbreadsD.twopieceofbreads()5.Therearemany_____.A.bananatreesB.bananatreeC.bananastreesD.bananastree()6.Howmany_____canyouseeinthepicture?-eight.A.sheepB.sheepsC.duckD.cow()7.Theroomsare_____.A.LucyandLilyB.Lucy'sandLilyC.Lucy'sandLily'sD.LucyandLily's()8.Canyougiveme_____?A.apaperB.somepapersC.somepaperD.papers()9Therearemanypictureson_____.A.theclassroom'swallsB.thewallsoftheclassroomC.thewallsintheclassroom()10.ThatgirlisSusan.Sheis_____.A.afriendmysisterB.afriendofmysisterC.afriendofmysister's()11.Isthatan_____car?A.ChineseB.JapaneseC.English()12.Two____walkdidn’tmademetired.A.hourB.hoursC.hour’sD.hours’()13.Themotheroverthereis____mother.A.JuliaandMaryB.JuliaandMary’sC.Julia’sandMary’sD.Julia’sandMary()14.Weare____andtheyare____.A.Englishmen,GermansB.Englishmen,GermanC.Englishmans,GermansD.Englishmen,Germen()15.ThatboyisJack.Heis_____________AafriendmybrotherBafriendofmybrother’sCafriendofmybrother()16.Amanhastwo__________.AfootBfootsCfeet()17.Thetwoboysarefromthedifferent____________.AfamilyB.familiesCfamilys()18.AreyourEnglish___________new?__Yes,Theyare.AstorybookBstoriesbooksCstorybooks()19.Two____,please.A.coffeeB.coffeesC.cupsofcoffeeD.cupscoffee()20.MrBlackoftendrinksome_________.A.milkB.milksC.milkesD.milkies三、用所给单词的正确形式填空1.Howmany________(sheep)arethereonthehill?2.Thereissome________(food)inthebasket.3.Thebabyhasonlytwo________(tooth)now.4.Thereisalotof________(water)inthebottle.5.Therearefive________(people)inhisfamily.6.Let'stake________(photo),OK?7.Ihavelotsof________(tomato)here.8.The________(leaf)onthetreeturnyellow.9.Their________(dictionary)looknew.11.Therearemany________(fox)inthepicture.12.Theyhavefivebig________(fish).13.Wouldyoulikesome________(