CACRCP 78-2017 防止和减少香料中的霉菌毒素操作规范

CODEOFPRACTICEFORTHEPREVENTIONANDREDUCTIONOFMYCOTOXINSINSPICESCAC/RCP78-2017Adoptedin2017.CAC/RCP78-201721.INTRODUCTION1.Theproduction,processing,packaginganddistributionofspicescanbeverycomplex.Theseprocessescanspanlongperiodsoftimeandpossiblyincludeawiderangeofestablishments.Driedproductprocessinggenerallyinvolvescleaning(e.g.culling,sortingtoremovedebris),grading,sometimessoaking,slicing,drying,andonoccasiongrinding/cracking.Somespicesarealsotreatedtomitigatemicrobialcontamination.Processingandpackaging/repackagingmayalsotakeplaceinmultiplelocationsoverlongperiods,sincespicesarepreparedfordifferentpurposes.A.Objectives2.TheobjectiveofthisdocumentistoestablishageneralcodeofpracticeforthepreventionandreductionofmycotoxinsinspicesinordertoattainaslowasreasonablyachievablelevelofthesetoxinsbyapplyingspecificGoodAgriculturalPractices(GAPs),GoodManufacturingPractices(GMPs)andGoodStoragePractices(GSPs)throughoutallthestepsinthefoodchain,thusreducingconsumers’exposurethroughpreventivemeasures.B.Scope,useanddefinitionsScope3.ThisCodeappliestospices-whole,broken,groundorblended.DriedaromaticherbsarenotincludedunderthescopeofthisCOP.Use4.ThisCodeshouldbeusedinconjunctionwiththeCodeofHygienicPracticeforLowMoistureFoods(CAC/RCP75-2015)anditsannexonspiceandculinaryherbs,andotherrelevantCodexcodesofpractice.5.ThisCodeisarecommendationtowhichproducers,transporters,processorsandmanufacturersindifferentcountriesshouldadhereasfaraspossibletakingintoaccountthelocalconditionsanddifficultiesinimplementationofallthemeasuresspecifiedthereinwhileensuringthesafetyoftheirproductsinallcircumstances.Flexibilityintheapplicationofcertainrequirementsoftheprimaryproductionofspicescanbeexercised,wherenecessary,providedthattheproductwillbesubjectedtocontrolmeasuressufficienttoobtainasafeproduct.Definitions6.Spices:driedplantsorpartsofplants(roots,rhizomes,bulbs,bark,flowers,fruits,andseeds)usedinfoodsforflavouring,colouring,andimpartingaroma.Thetermappliesequallytospicesinthewhole,broken,groundandblendedforms,includingalsospicesharvestedasdried.7.SourcePlant:plant(non-dried)fromwhichthespiceisderived.2.RECOMMENDEDPRACTICESBASEDONGOODAGRICULTURALPRACTICES(GAP),GOODMANUFACTURINGPRACTICES(GMP)ANDGOODSTORAGEPRACTICES(GSP)2.1Pre-harvestagriculturalconditions8.Spicesaresusceptibletocontaminationbytoxigenicfungiinthefield,duringdryingandstorage.TheuseofappropriateGAPtoreducethetoxigenicfungigrowthanddisseminationisrecommended.9.Whenappropriate,anappropriatecroprotationorsequenceisrecommendedinordertoregeneratethesoilfertilityandreducetheinoculumloadoftherelevanttoxigenicfungi,tominimizethecarry-overofmouldfromoneyeartothenext.ItisalsoappropriatetoavoidvicinityofcropswhichareknowntobehostplantsforAspergillusflavus,suchasmaize.10.Reductionofplantstressusingirrigation,fertilization,pruningandpestanddiseasecontrolshouldbeimplemented.11.Insectdamagewhichenhancesfungalinfectioninthevicinityofthecrop,canbeminimizedbyproperuseofregisteredinsecticidesandotherappropriatepracticeswithinanintegratedpestmanagementprogram.12.Whenconditionsrequire,recommendedinsecticidesmaybenecessarytominimizedamagetosourceplants,whichmaylaterfavourentryanddevelopmentoftoxigenicfungi;forexample,throughopengalleriesmadebycaterpillars.13.Weedsaroundthecropshouldbecontrolledbyuseofmechanicalmethodsorbytheuseofappropriateregisteredselectiveherbicidesorothersafeandsuitableweederadicationpractices.Avoidingtheuseoflivestockmanureasfertilizercanhelpcontroltheproliferationofbothweedsandtoxigenicfungi.Itmayalsobeusefultoestablishanappropriateplantingdensitytofurtherdiscourageweedproliferationduringplantdevelopment.CAC/RCP78-2017314.Theuseofrecommendedsoilfungicidesintheprocessoffarmsoilpreparationmaybebeneficialtoreducetheinoculumloadoftoxigenicfungi.Thepresenceofdebrisinbareseedmayalsoprovideavectorforfungalinfection.Atsowing,usedisinfectedseedstopreventmouldandinsectsandcarefullychoosetheplantingseasonsothatthecollectionofplantstakesplaceinthedriestseason.Thisgoodpracticeisessentialinareaswithawarmandhumidclimate.15.Theuseoffungicidesisaveryeffectivepracticetopreventfungalgrowth.However,fungicidesmustbeappliedwithspecialcaresincesomeofthemcouldleadtothereductionofcertainnon-toxigenicfungalfloraandstimulationofothertoxigenicfungigrowth.16.Itisrecommendedthatuntreatedorganicwastenotbeappliedtosoilasitcouldallowtheproliferationoftoxigenicfungi,humanpathogens,foodspoilagebacteria,andalsoweedseedsandotherunwantedplants.Thisisparticularlyimportantforspicesthatareswathedratherthanstraightcut,asrainsplashismorelikelytocontaminateswathedspices.Theuseofproperlytreatedorganicwaste(compost)ortreatedsewage(orbiosolids)isencouragedinordertoimprovesoilfertilityandincreasecompetitivefungi.17.Sprayirrigationshouldbeavoidedduringthefloweringperiodforallthespicescomingfromaerialpartsoftheplant.Thiscouldincreaseboththerateofnormaldispersionofsporesandthechancesofsourceplantinfectionwithtoxigenicfungi.Itisrecommendedalsotoavoidfloodirrigationbecauseitcouldspreaddiseasethroughoutthefield.18.Soilwithgooddr