CACGL 84-2012 用于从农药最大残留限量外推至同组商品代表商品的选择原则和指南（2017版

PRINCIPLESANDGUIDANCEONTHESELECTIONOFREPRESENTATIVECOMMODITIESFORTHEEXTRAPOLATIONOFMAXIMUMRESIDUELIMITSFORPESTICIDESTOCOMMODITYGROUPSCAC/GL84-2012Adoptedin2012.Amendedin2017.CAC/GL84-20122INTRODUCTIONResidueextrapolationistheprocessbywhichtheresiduelevelsonrepresentativecommoditiesareutilisedtoestimateresiduelevelsonrelatedcommoditiesinthesamecommoditygrouporsubgroupforwhichtrialshavenotbeenconducted.Representativecommoditiesarechosenbasedontheircommercialimportanceandthesimilarityoftheirmorphologyandresiduecharacteristicstootherrelatedcommoditiesinthegrouporsubgroup.Ideallyrepresentativecommoditiesarethemosteconomicallyimportantcommoditiesinproductionand/orconsumptioninagrouporsubgroupandhaveagreaterdietaryburdenandhaveresiduecharacteristicssimilartoothermembersofthegrouporsubgroup.Residueextrapolationisacommonconsiderationutilisedbyregulatorsinternationallyforensuringthatdatarequirementsareonlyatalevelthatisscientificallyjustifiedinconductingriskassessmentandtoensuretheregulatoryprocessdoesnotbecomeunnecessarilyburdensomeespeciallyforminorcrops.Theobjectiveofthisdocumentisto(1)proposecriteriafortheselectionofrepresentativecommodities;(2)proposeexamplerepresentativecommoditiesand(3)provideadetailedjustificationfortheselectionoftherepresentativecommodities.GENERALPRINCIPLESRepresentativecommoditieswithineachClassification1commoditygroupandsubgroupwillbeselectedandproposed,basedonconsiderationofallavailableinformation.Thefollowingprincipleswillbeusedfortheselectionofrepresentativecommodities:−Arepresentativecommodityismostlikelytocontainthehighestresidues.−Arepresentativecommodityislikelytobemajorintermsofproductionand/orconsumption.−Arepresentativecommodityismostlikelysimilarinmorphology,growthhabit,pestproblemsandedibleportiontotherelatedcommoditieswithinagrouporsubgroup.Theapplicationofthethreeprinciplesintheselectionofrepresentativecommoditiesisbasedontheassumptionthatallofthecommodities,coveredbythecommoditygroupmaximumresiduelimit(MRL),areproducedfollowingasimilar2usepatternorgoodagriculturalpractice(GAP).TofacilitatetheglobaluseofthecommoditygroupsforMRLs,alternativerepresentativecommoditiesmaybeselectedgivingflexibilityforuseofresidueresearchconductedindifferentcountriesorregionsthatmayvaryduetoregionaldifferencesindietaryconsumptionand/orareasofproductionforcertaincommodities.Note:Table1inthisdocumentisprovidedto(1)separatetheselectionofrepresentativecommoditiesfromtheClassificationitself;(2)proposeexamplesofrepresentativecommoditiesinparallelwiththerespectiveCodexcommoditygroupingClassificationrevisions;(3)provideflexibilityontheselectionofrepresentativecropsand(4)provideguidancenotonlytotheCommitteeonPesticideResidues(CCPR)andCodexmembers,butalsototheJointMeetingonPesticideResidues(JMPR),productmanufacturersandotherdatagenerators.Detailedbackgroundinformationregardingproduction,consumption,MRLsandcharacteristicsandjustificationforselectionoftherepresentativecommoditiesaccordingtotheindicatedprincipleswereprovidedinworkingdocumentsconsideredbytheCommitteewhendevelopingtherepresentativecommoditiesforeachcommoditygroup.GUIDANCEANDPROCEDURESAsproposalsfortherevisionoftheClassificationaremadeandrevisedcommoditygroupingsaredevelopedandprovidedtoCCPRfortheirreview,proposalsonrepresentativecommoditieswillalsobeprovidedinparallelwiththerespectivecommoditygroupingrevisionsandwilladvancethroughtheStepProcedureforadoptionbytheCodexAlimentariusCommission(CAC).1ClassificationofFoodsandAnimalFeeds(CAC/MISC4-1989)2SubmissionandEvaluationofPesticideResiduesDatafortheEstimationofMaximumResidueLevelsinFoodandFeed(Section6.7,Pointa),FAOPlantProductionandProtectionPaper197,FoodandAgricultureOrganisationoftheUnitedNations,Rome,2009(SecondEdition)CAC/GL84-20123AscommentsareaddressedontherevisionsoftheClassificationandtheproposedrepresentativecommoditiesandtheseareagreedbyCCPRandadoptedbyCAC,twoseparatedocumentswillbecreatedandmaintained:(1)theClassification(withoutmentionofrepresentativecommodities)and(2)principlesandguidanceontheselectionofrepresentativecommodities.TheJMPRmaybeadvisedtousetherepresentativecommoditiesadoptedbyCAC.However,JMPRmayuseotherrepresentativecommodities(includingthosewhichmaybespecificallyrequestedbymembernations)onacase-by-casebasis.TheJMPRwillberequestedtoprovidetoCCPRjustificationfortheuseofanyalternativerepresentativecommodities,basedonallavailabledata.ALTERNATIVEREPRESENTATIVECOMMODITIESTofacilitatetheglobaluseofthecommoditygroupsforMRLs,alternativerepresentativecommoditiesmaybeselectedgivingflexibilityforuseofresidueresearchconductedindifferentcountriesorregionsthatmayvaryduetoregionaldifferencesindietaryconsumptionand/orareasofproductionforcertaincommodities.Table1inthisdocumentproposesexamplesofrepresentativecommoditiesforcommoditygroups.Dependingoncountryorregionaldifferences,alternativerepresentativecommoditiesmaybeproposedbyacountry.Forexample,leeksmaybeproposedasanalternativerepresentativecommodityforgreenonionsinthegreenonionsubgroupofbulbvegetables.PRECEDENCEINSELECTIONOFREPRESENTA