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—KAB(),,21。,“”,。,“、”,,,,。,KAB(),:,,、。,;,;,。、:、(Enetrperenuiralee6onmy)(Managedeconomy),,“”,,。,,,、。,,,。、、、、,“”。,、、、、;.,,。,:(l);(2);(3);(4)。(nenkers&hTuikr),“、”。,,、。、。。,“,”。,;,,,。,—,,。(GEM),,。,,(SMEs),,。,,“”、“、”。,,,。、,。,,,,;,“”、“”“”。,、,、,,。,:(l);(2)(3);(4)。,,:(l);(2),;(3);(4);(5);(6)。、,。,,“、”。,:、;,,;,。“、、,,、”;,“(focusedmodel)”“(universiytwidemodel)”。,,“”、“”“”。“”,:、、。:,。,,,。,。、,、、。,。(“”)(“”);,,,。,,,“、()、”。,,(),,“”、“”、“”、“”,“”。,:,;,;,。、“”、“”“”,。,《》、、;,“”。、。,《》,`:;、;。,“”、“”、“”,“、、”,,。KAB、,6、、、、,:,KAB“”,“”“”,;,;,!,,,,“”。1.20so,(enetrerPenurship)。,21,。。,。“”,,。。207090,。(l)………mmGelally_____TeNetherlandsss~~~~~SaPinnn~~~~~1In.~~~;““’}}}1(OECD)(),,21。,”,。,“、”,,,,。,KAB()lAudretseh&hTurik(2004,:,:、,,;,;,。1.1,.1.,《》,“”“enetisre”,“。”’(schumPeetr):“,、、、。。,,。,,。”“”(iT~osn),“、,、”。,“,、、,”2。,;,,、1.【21.:,2001815.2,,.【J].,2006:812、(5):1。’,,。1.1.2(.RCantillon)1755,。(cShumPeetr),,,“”。,,,“”。,,。,。。2,,,、、、。1.1.3“(cerativedesutrciton)”,、、,。、、。LumpiknDess:,,1.—【D〕.,2X()7:511.2..【M].,1992:162163.,。’Miller(1983),,。ZShrA.za&nonaldo.ubaum(2000),,、、。3Miller、。、、。,Dessetal(1997)、、,。,,。4Bostjananotncio&Robertd.hisireh(2001):,,,。5,;。,。、,。1uLmPkinGT,DessGG.ClarifyinghteentrePerneuiraloirentiatonconstrUetandl1nkingittoPeformrance,AcademyofManagementReview,1996,21(1):135172.2Miller,D.(1983).ThecorrelatesofentrePreneurshiPintheretyPesofifrms.ManagementSeienee,Vol.29,No.7,770791.3Zahra,S.A.&Garvis,D.M.(2000).InternationaleorPorateentrePreneurshiPandifrmPerformanee:themoderatingeffeetofinternationalenvironmentalhostility[J].JournalofBusinessVenutirng,15,469492.4.:【lJ.,2004(1):5556.5Bostjanantoneie,Robertd.hisireh.IntraperneurshiP:constrUeterifnementandeorsseulutralvalidation[J].OJalofBusinessVentuirng16,495552.,、,。,(stveonson,1999)。、,。’、、、、、7。2,、,。,.1.4,,。,;。,,,、。,,,、、。,“”“”。、、、、。—“”。DvaidBicrhl.【J].,5(2):194198.2.、1[J.,20080311.“”20%。520071“”。’1.1.5(Entrepreuneirlaoneeomy)(Mnaagedceonomy),,“”,,。:,。,,、。,QaKOL。,Q=aK”LR”,Q=aK”LOR”EE,E。,、,,、。“1.1.6。、、,、、。3,1.、【BOL].=20081021133723.2,.【J】.,2008(2):150158.3GARTNERWB:AeoneePtualframeworkfordeseribingthePhenomenonofuewventureeeration.TeAeademyofManagementeRview,1985,10.,。,,,。He。’GEM,,、、、、、、、、。,AunaLee,,、、、;2Debohar、。’,、,。,,。1.1.7.(nEetrerPenurhsiPopilcy),。1HENRIG:EntrePreneurialintentionsandtheentrePreneurialenvironment.Helsink:iHelsikniUniversiytofeTehnology,2004.2ANNALEES:SilieonValley,sNewlmmigrantEntrePerneurs[EB/OL].[2000112].`ccisucsd·osrUBILCATIoNS/wrkg15·PDF.3DeborhaM:CommunityEnvironmentforEnterPerneurshiP[EB/OL].[20021225].·nga’orgilesPATLANTAFORUM_MACKECOMMUNITY.PPT.DvadiM.H(2300),。’Degadt,,,、,,、;,。,colhn。,·“”、。’,。4、42,、,。’,。(Lundsotrm&Setvenson,2001)10、、、,4。“(l)。1ACS,Z0LTANJ.AformulationofentrePreneurshiPPoliey[R].TheFSFNUTEKAwardiWnnerSeires,2001.2DEGADTJ.Forann0ereffeetiveentrePerneurhsiPPoiley.ePcrePitonandfeedbackasPereonditions[R].ReseacrhCenetrforEntrePerneurshiP,KUB/EHSAL,Burssels,Beigium.ReneontresdeSiantGall,2004.3C0LLINSJ.CulturaldiversityandentrePreneurshiP:PolieyresPonsestoimmigrantenetrPreneursinnAstralia[J]·EnetrPerenurshiPandeRgionalDeveloPment,2X()3(15).4Hart,DvaidM.,2003,EnetrPerneurshiPPoliey,Chapetrl:entrePreneurshiPPoliey:whatit15andwheeriteameform.NewoYkr:CambirdgeUniversiytPress.5Setvenson,LoisandLundsotrm,Anders,2001,EnetrPerenusrhiPPolieyforhtefuuter,vol,l,Swedishfoundiatonforsmallbusinessersearch.6,.【J].,2006(6:)2633.,。、。。(2)。。。、、、、,、,。。。,、、,、,、,。,。(3)。,,。,、、、。,、。。(4)。、,、、、`、,。,、,、。、、。’21.1.88199“21“21”,。.:“”,,,。1995《》:“”“”。1998《21:》:“,”;《》:“,,”。,。,“,,,、,、、”。·:,、,“”。3《1Aes,ZoltanJ.AfonnulationofentrePerneurshiPPoliey[R].theFSFNUTEKAWardiwnnerSeires,2X()5:l10.2Audretseh,DvaidB.hTeenetrPerneuiralsoeieyt[R].TheFSFNUTEKAwardiwnnerseires,2005:314.3.「D].,2006:15.》,,、、;,、、、。’,,“”。2;。’1.21.2.11.2080,、、、,,。,R&D、。,。,、,,,,1.【z]:,2000.2.【J].,2007(5):5963.3.[M].,04:19.。’2.①。,,。,,、、。②。,,,,。,,,。,“、”“、”。③。,,。。2080,,、,。,。23.,“”,1.、【BOL].=20081021133723.)。2.、【BOL】.httP:=d20081021133723.)。。。、,“”,“”“”“”,、。,。,、,,,,。,,、。90,,、。4.,,。。R&D,,、,,,,,、、、、。,、、。,。。1.2.21.、,,,,(LovemanandSengebneer,1991;AcsandAudersthc,1993)。。`2080,、(CorporaeteRsutrcuter),、。,、。、,。,。,—,,、、、。,、、,、。、,,;,,(35),,。2.,。①。40、“”,,1.、【BOL].=d2008102ll33723.).。②。、,,、,,,。③。、。,GDP8%、2%。④。,,,。,。`1.31.3.1,“”。“”,,,。,,,。(McMillanandWbodurff),,。’(Audersthcetal),oEcD,,,。’1DawnRiversBaker.hTeEnetrperneuirEeono【J」.hTeMieroenetirsejournal,2004(10).2J.MeMillan,C.W6odruff.TheCentralRoleofEntrePreneursinrTansitionEeonomies[J].JoumalofEeonoePersPeetives,2002,(16).3D.B.Audretseh,A.R.Thurik,I.Verheul,A.R.M.WennekersEntrePreneurshiP:DeterminantsandPolieyinaEuroPeanUSComParison[M].Boston/Dordreeht:KluwerAeadecuPblishers,2X()2.183(GEM),GDP30%。’2(Bygarve),,。’·(LanF~ll),21`nAderstch(2002)OECD:,。’Baldwin(1995)20%25%,,,。“,.3.2,19651985l2/,710010600,500、、500,,1Babson.lGobalEnterPerneusrhiPMoniotrM[].LondonBusinessshcool,199920()3.2,.【J].,2007(6):2529.3BYGRAVE.WBuildinganenetrPerneu