海归创业政策案例调研

2010-05-162008GXS4K0711977-、。“”。。2090“”。、、。1[1]。、。。2090。PualKrugman[2]。[3]。。[3]。PeterEvans“”。、[4]。2090·B··V·。“”———、、100084。。。、“”。“”。。D035A1672-6162201003-0047-05○○Vol.7No.3July,201047○○Vol.7No.3July,2010。、[5]。。。·ErnstForsthoff“”。“”、[6]。“”[7]。。。2。、。。。。、。3、、。、、。。、、。、、。“”。、、“”。3.1。16．1。。。、、、。3.2、、。“”、“”、“530”①。、。、、、、。“”4000①53030。48550。“”20~10020010％。“530”100300。。“”100。35％、203。“530”100。3.3、、“”。。。、。4、、、、“”。。4.1“”、、“”。、、。、、“、、”“”。、、。2008“”1．65“530”2．05。、。200620105“530”960196151000。、、、、。“”。。。5000、。。200830250％200。、。“”。JournalofPublicManagement49○○Vol.7No.3July,2010“、”。4.2“”、、。、、“”。。。“”。。。。4.3。、。、。。、、。1。、。。。、。、。、、。5。、。。1。1、50。、、、。、、、。2。、。、“”、、。。3。。。、。。。2008—2009、。1．、M．2006252．2KRUGMANP．TheMythofAsia＇sMiracleJ.ForeignAffairs199473662－78．3．J．20092173－178.4EVANSP．EmbeddedAutonomyStateandIndustrialTransfor-mationM．PrincetonPrincetonUniversityPress1995.5·B··V·．J．20021038－44.6．J．200275－7.7．J．20051665－10．JournalofPublicManagement51○○Vol.7No.3July,2010ment．Alsofarmers＇incomepercapitaruralpublichealthandculturalentertainmentshavecertaininfluenceonfarmers＇satisfactionbutnotgreatinfluence．Theinfluenceoftechnologyextensionandtrainingruralcleanenergyandageonfarmers＇satisfactionismuchlessandfarmers＇satisfactionisnotinfluencedbysub－jects＇sexeducationdegreeandthenumberoffamilymembers．Moreoverfarmersdemandforpublicservicesinruralareashascertainlevelandphasewhilefarmers＇satisfactionhascertainorderaccordingtotheirde－mandconditions．KeyWordsRuralPublicServiceSatisfactionFactorAnalysisInfluencingFactors5TheEffectsofEmploymentRisksonLaborMigrationModelandPositiveAnalysisChengMingwangPanXuan·39·SchoolofEconomicsandManagementTongjiUniversityShanghai200092ChinaAbstractID1672－6162201003－0039－EAAbstractRuralsurpluslabormigrationisnotonlythemajorissuewearefacingtomaintainthesustainableeconomicgrowthbutalsotheessentialwaytosolvethreeissuesconcerningagriculture,countrysideandfarm－ersinChina.Thetheoreticalmodelshowsthatemploymentriskisimportantfactorwhichaffectingruralsur－pluslabormigrationinChina,andinaninnovativewaytofindemploymentriskontheimpactofruralsurpluslaboristheindirecttransmissionmechanism.Furtherpositiveanalysisbasedon845questionnaireshowsthatabilitytomigrantworkers,employmentenvironment,andemploymentConditionshaveasignificanteffecttoru－ralsurpluslabormigration.Generallyspeaking,currently,forthosesurplusrurallaborforces,theyarefacingmoreemploymentrisks,whichindicatetheoverallsituationisserious.Fromwhathasbeenconcludedinthispaper,itcanbefoundthatlong-termmechanismofruralsurpluslabormigrationmustbeestablishedassoonaspossible.Therefore,toensuretheorderly,stableandsustainablemigrationofrurallaborforce,itisaimpor－tantissuetobesolvedjustlikeimprovingemploymentenvironmentinthetown,promotingthequalitiesofrurallaborforcesandreducingemploymentrisks.KeyWordsRuralLaborMigrationEmploymentRiskEmploymentEnvironmentEmploymentConditions6TheApproachfromDevelopmentalGovernmenttoService－OrientedGovernment———BasedonCaseStudiesofReturnee＇sEntrepreneurshipPolicyinShanghaiSuzhouandWuxiChenLingWangXiaodanZhaoJing·47·SchoolofPublicPolicyandManagementTsinghuaUniversityBeijing100084ChinaAbstractID1672－6162201003－0047－EAAbstractAstheconceptofpublicservice－orientedgovernmentbecomespopularlocalgovernmentsinChinastartexperimentsaimingtorealizeatransitionfromdevelopmentalgovernmenttoservice－orientedgovernment．Thisarticlearguesthatthekeyforsuchatransitionistoprovideequalizinganduniversalpublicservices．HoweverbasedoncasestudiesofShanghaiSuzhouandWuxi＇slocalpoliciespromotingoverseasreturnee＇sentrepreneurshipthisarticleanalyzesthelocalgovernmentservicesprovidedtooverseasreturneesandfindsthattheso－calledservicesprovidedbylocalgovernmentsarestillessentiallyprovidedbydevelopmentalgov－ernments．Thereforethisarticlehighlightsthoseproblemsemergingfromsuchservicesandgivepolicyoptionstotorealizeafulltransitionfromdevelopmentalgovernmenttoservice－orientedgovernment．KeyWordsDevelopmentalGovernmentService－orientedGovernmentGovernmentalTransitionOverseaReturnee＇sEntrepreneurship124